The Efficacy of Backward Walking on Static Stability, Proprioception, Pain, and Physical Function of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 3
Comparison of proprioception between the two groups over time.
Groups
Items
Left side
Right side
ATE (%)
CT (s)
ATE (%)
CT (s)
BG
Before intervention
34.63 ± 13.20
85.94 ± 12.29
36.25 ± 11.58
85.88 ± 15.52
After intervention
29.75 ± 8.07△
80.88 ± 8.28
28.19 ± 7.96△
85.88 ± 11.02
Mean changes
−4.88 ± 13.62
−5.06 ± 9.72
−8.06 ± 9.04
0.00 ± 16.45
CG
Before intervention
34.06 ± 10.97
90.38 ± 17.88
34.19 ± 14.03
87.56 ± 19.52
Afterintervention
27.06 ± 6.64△
88.19 ± 16.98
23.88 ± 9.39△
89.63 ± 12.93
Mean changes
−7.00 ± 7.98
−2.19 ± 9.68
−10.31 ± 11.27
2.06 ± 15.43
Time effect
0.021
0.318
0.01
0.785
Group◊Time effect
F
0.179
0.160
0.168
0.075
P
0.674
0.691
0.684
0.785
η2
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.001
BG: backward walking group; CG: control group; ATE: average trajectory error; CT: completion time; △intragroup difference before intervention, ;∗intergroup difference after intervention, .
