Qiyusanlong Formula Induces Autophagy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Xenografts through the mTOR Signaling Pathway

Figure 1

QYSL formula inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis in A549 cells. (a) The cell viability in A549 cells treated with QYSL serum at concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% for 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h was detected by the CCK-8 assay. (b) IC₅₀ values of QYSL serum for different time points: 12 h (column 1), 24 h (column 2), and 48 h (column 3). (c) Representative images of TUNEL staining in A549 cells. (d) Quantitative analysis of TUNEL staining in A549 cells. Apoptosis in A549 cells exposed to culture medium (column 1), medium containing 20% blank serum (column 2), and medium containing 20% QYSL serum (column 3) was assessed by the TUNEL assay. vs. the control group. vs. the blank serum group.

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