Cafeteria Diet-Induced Metabolic and Cardiovascular Changes in Rats: The Role of Piper nigrum Leaf Extract

Table 5

Effects of hydro-ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum leaf on markers of hepatic and renal function.

	Nor.	Neg.	Ator.	E250	E500
ALAT (U/I)	12.4 ± 0.49	20.4 ± 1.54^c	12.6 ± 0.70^3	12.5 ± 0.69^3	8.75 ± 1.47^3
ASAT (U/I)	23.7 ± 1.7	43.8 ± 3.09^c	30.3 ± 1.57^1	21.6 ± 2.63^3	22.2 ± 2.94^3
Glucose (mg/dl)	117 ± 1.18	215 ± 4.27^c	164 ± 2.49^c3	179 ± 6.30^c3	203 ± 5.71^c
Urea (mg/dl)	38.9 ± 0.60	39.8 ± 0.76	37.3 ± 0.40	36.8 ± 0.76	37.8 ± 0.76
Total protein (g/dl)	8.31 ± 0.20	16.4 ± 1.26^c	7.01 ± 0.75^3	6.91 ± 0.39^3	8.09 ± 0.50^3
Creatinine (mg/dl)	2.25 ± 0.47	4.25 ± 0.75^c	2.5 ± 0.28^3	3.0 ± 0.40^b1	2.67 ± 0.66^3
Bilirubin	14.5 ± 0.27	17.5 ± 1.46^a	17.5 ± 0.45^a	16.0 ± 0.46	13.6 ± 0.41^2