On Mindfulness Training for Promoting Mental Toughness of Female College Students in Endurance Exercise

Table 3

Paired t-test and covariance analyses of pre- and posttest scores of mindfulness group and control group (Mean ± SD.).

	Paired t-test							-value	ANCOVA
	Mindfulness intervention group (n = 33)				Control group (n = 34)				F	P-value	Partial
	Pretest	Posttest	t	-value	Pretest	Posttest	t
Observation	24.70 ± 6.05	26.13 ± 4.37	−1.973	0.058	24.40 ± 4.49	24.32 ± 3.18	0.160	0.874	6.55	0.013	0.103
Description	25.53 ± 3.74	26.67 ± 3.56	−2.246	0.032	25.20 ± 2.25	25.83 ± 2.36	−1.444	0.160	1.376	0.246	0.024
Conscious action	27.80 ± 5.76	28.50 ± 3.89	−0.789	0.436	28.87 ± 3.72	28.68 ± 2.72	0.368	0.716	0.133	0.717	0.002
No evaluation	24.17 ± 3.47	24.27 ± 4.56	−0.135	0.893	24.80 ± 3.63	24.72 ± 2.92	0.157	0.876	0.008	0.928	≤0.001
No reaction	19.23 ± 3.59	20.97 ± 3.66	−2.695	0.012	18.63 ± 3.11	19.15 ± 1.80	−1.346	0.189	6.080	0.017	0.096
FFMQ total score	121.43 ± 6.78	126.53 ± 8.59	−3.25	0.003	121.90 ± 6.71	122.70 ± 5.50	−0.77	0.45	5.91	0.018	0.094