Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Protocatechuic Aldehyde: Old Wine in a New Bottle

Figure 2

Anthocyanins metabolism into PCA and PAL. A generic anthocyanin with a glucoside moiety is pictured. Parent anthocyanin species are first converted to an aglycon (anthocyanidin) form by hydrolysis of glycoside linkages in the small intestine. PAL could be oxidized to PCA in the intestine.