Multiple Risk Factors for Heart Disease: A Challenge to the Ethnopharmacological Use of Croton urucurana Baill.
Table 2
Electrocardiogram, heart rate, and blood pressure in dyslipidemic and smoking rats that were treated with vehicle, Croton urucurana extract, and simvastatin + enalapril.
Basal
C–
Croton urucurana (mg/kg)
SIM + ENAL
30
100
300
HR (BPM)
160.8 ± 5.2
152.4 ± 7.0
151.6 ± 5.6
152.3 ± 5.6
140.9 ± 20.2
171.6 ± 3.3
SBP (mm Hg)
94.0 ± 6.8
107.6 ± 11.9
100.3 ± 4.1
107.2 ± 6.2
104.6 ± 2.9
95.6 ± 11.9
DBP (mm Hg)
52.7 ± 5.2
50.4 ± 2.2
52.4 ± 3.0
58.2 ± 4.0
56.9 ± 3.7
52.6 ± 3.0
MAP (mm Hg)
73.5 ± 5.7
81.1 ± 8.8
79.1 ± 4.0
84.1 ± 5.1
82.2 ± 3.3
77.1 ± 8.9
Electrocardiogram
Wave (mV)
P
0.07 ± 0.01
0.07 ± 0.01
0.06 ± 0.01
0.07 ± 0.01
0.07 ± 0.005
0.07 ± 0.01
Q
−0.02 ± 0.01
−0.02 ± 0.01
−0.02 ± 0.01
−0.02 ± 0.01
−0.02 ± 0.01
−0.02 ± 0.01
R
0.35 ± 0.01
0.34 ± 0.02
0.37 ± 0.20
0.35 ± 0.02
0.33 ± 0.02
0.31 ± 0.02
S
−0.04 ± 0.01
−0.05 ± 0.01
−0.04 ± 0.01
−0.05 ± 0.01
−0.05 ± 0.01
−0.05 ± 0.01
Segment (ms)
PR
47.8 ± 3.5
43.5 ± 1.0
45.1 ± 2.7
45.5 ± 4.1
44.7 ± 4.0
43.5 ± 2.4
QRS
42.1 ± 1.5
37.2 ± 1.7
40.3 ± 1.8
38.1 ± 2.8
37.6 ± 2.0
36.8 ± 1.6
QT
105.8 ± 5.3
97.8 ± 3.6
96.1 ± 3.8
92.1 ± 4.4
102.3 ± 4.9
97.38 ± 5.86
QTC
185.8 ± 7.2
183.3 ± 7.2
188.6 ± 8.4
178.4 ± 9.6
198.2 ± 7.9
187.0 ± 11.8
BPM: beats per minute; C–: negative control; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SIM + ENAL: simvastatin + enalapril. n = 8/group. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls post hoc test.
