Exploring Heart Rate Variability as a Biomedical Diagnostic Tool for the Disympathetic Dimension of Eight-Constitution Medicine

Table 2

HRV difference by constitution ( < 0.05), before and after acupuncture stimulation.

Reference	1 [33]	6 [38]	9 [41]	7 [39]	12 [44]	15 [47]	19 [51]	20 [52]
Constitution	ECM	SCM	SCM	SCM	SCM	SCM	SCM	SCM
Population (range)	42 patients (14–73)	16 healthy TE constitution (20–60)	8 healthy SY constitution women (20–30)	6 healthy SE constitution men (20–30)	20 healthy subjects (18–30)	30 healthy men (20–26)	86 subjects (22–25)	19 healthy subjects
Subjects by constitution group	Sympathicotonia = 22 (Pul, Col, Ren, Ves) Vagotonia = 20 (Hep, Cho, Pan, Gas)	TE = 16	SY = 8	SE = 6	SY = 5, TE = 8, SE = 7, TY = 0	SY = 8, TE = 13, SE = 9, TY = 0	SY = 34, TE = 27, SE = 25, TY = 0	SY = 6, TE = 7, SE = 6, TY = 0
Age and gender controlled by constitution group	na	na	Age, gender	Age, gender	Age	Age, gender	Age, gender	Age, gender
Acupuncture	Eight-constitution acupuncture	Taegeuk acupuncture (TE)	Taegeuk acupuncture (SY)	Taegeuk acupuncture (SE)	Bee venom acupuncture	Acupuncture at LI4	Electroacupuncture	Acupuncture at LI4 and LR3
HRV baseline difference by constitution	No difference	NA	NA	NA	No difference	Low in TE (LF/HF)	na	No difference
HRV by constitution compared to baseline, after acupuncture
MHR	No difference	na	na	na	na	No difference	na	TE > SY, SE
mRR (ms)	na	na	na	na	na	na	na
SDNN (ms)	na	na	na	na	No difference	No difference	SY > TE (passive)	TE > SY (active) SY > SE (general)
rMSSD (ms)	na	na	na	na	No difference	na	na	SE > TE
LF (ms^2)	na	na	na	No difference	No difference	No difference	na
HF (ms^2)	na	na	na	No difference	No difference	No difference	na
LFnu	na	Decreased in TE	Decreased in SY	No difference	na	Increased in SY	na	TE > SE
HFnu	na	Increased in TE	Increased in SY	No difference	na	na	na	SE, SY > TE
Ln (LF)	No difference	na	na	na	na	na	na
Ln (HF)	No difference	na	na	na	na	na	na
LF/HF	No difference	na	na	No difference	No difference	Increased in SY
SE > SY	na	TE > SE

ECM, Eight-Constitution Medicine; SCM, Sasang Constitution Medicine; Pul, Pulmotonia constitution; Col, Colonotonia constitution; Ren, Renotonia constitution; Ves, Vesicotonia constitution; Hep, Hepatonia constitution; Cho, Cholecystonia constitution; Pan, Pancreotonia constitution; Gas, Gastrotonia constitution; TE, Taeumin constitution; SY, Soyangin constitution; SE, Soeumin constitution; TY, Taeyangin constitution; MHR, Mean Heart Rate; na, not available; NA, not applicable.Compared to right after needle insertion vs. 1 hour after needle removal.