A 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study of an Ethanolic Root Extract of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. in Wistar Rats

Table 1

Effects of ethanolic root extract of Caesalpinia bonduc on urinary parameters of rats after 90-day oral treatment.

Parameters	Observations	Control	Repeated dose (mg/kg)
			31.25	125	500
Number of rats		6	6	6	6
Ketone body (mg/dL)	Negative	6	6	6	6
	±5	0	0	0	0
	+15	0	0	0	0
Bilirubin	Negative	6	6	6	6
	+	0	0	0	0
	++	0	0	0	0
Occult blood (RBC/μL)	Negative	6	6	6	6
	Trace	0	0	0	0
	+25	0	0	0	0
Protein (mg/dL)	Negative	0	0	0	0
	+30	4	3	2	0
	++100	2	3	3	4
	+++300	0	0	1	2
pH	Less than 6	2	0	0	0
	6–8	4	6	6	6
	More than 8	0	0	0	0
Leukocytes (WBC/μL)	Negative	6	6	6	6
	Trace	0	0	0	0
	+70	0	0	0	0
Urobilinogen (mg/dL)	0.1	6	6	6	6
	1	0	0	0	0
	2	0	0	0	0
Glucose (mg/dL)	Negative	6	6	6	6
	±100	0	0	0	0
Specific gravity	≤1.010	2	3	0	0
	1.015	4	0	4	2
	1.020	0	2	2	1
	1.025	0	1	0	3
	≥1.030	0	0	0	0
Nitrite (±)	Negative	6	6	6	6
	Trace	0	0	0	0
	Positive	0	0	0	0
Appearance	Clear	6	6	6	6
Color	Yellow	0	6	0	0
	Dark yellow	6	0	0	0
	Pale yellow	0	0	0	6
	Amber	0	0	6	0
Volume (ml/16 h)		5.77 ± 0.54	6.16 ± 0.30	5.45 ± 0.43	6.20 ± 0.22