DNA Methylation in Atherosclerosis: A New Perspective

Table 2

Herbal formulations regulate genome-wide methylation.

Formulation	Components	Category of methylation effect	Mechanism of regulating DNA methylation	Models	Diseases	In vitro/in vivo	Reference
Xuefuzhuyu capsule and Siji Sanhuang capsule	Dang Gui, Sheng Di Huang, Zhi Gan Cao, Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Zhi Qiao, Chi Shao, Chai Hu, Chuan Xiong, Jie Geng, Niu Xi, Da Huang, Huang Qin, Zhi Zi, and Huang Bai	Hypomethylation	DNMTs↓	ApoE^−/− mice fed with HFD	AS	In vivo	[50]
Zhizi Chuanxiong capsule	Zhi Zi and Chuan Xiong	Hypermethylation and hypomethylation		Rabbit fed with HFD	AS	In vivo	[14]
Danhong injection	Dan Shen and Hong Hua	Hypomethylation	DNMT1↓	ApoE^−/− mice fed with HFD	AS	In vivo	[51]
Danggui Shaoyao powder	Dang Gui, Chi Shao, Fu Ling, Bai Zhu, Ze Xie, and Chuan Xiong	Hypomethylation	DNMT1↓	ApoE^−/− mice fed with HFD	AS	In vivo	[52]
Pinggan Qianyang Fang	Tian Ma, Gou Teng, Shi Jue Ming, Mu Li, and Niu Xi	Hypermethylation	DNMT1↑	Angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cells	Vascular remodeling	In vitro	[53]

High-fat diet (HFD) and atherosclerosis (AS).