Relaxant Effect of Urginea maritima on Tracheal Smooth Muscle Mediated by the Effect on Beta-2 Adrenergic, Muscarinic Receptors and Calcium and Potassium Channels

Figure 4

Concentration-response relaxant effect (mean ± SEM) of (a) theophylline and U. maritima extract in nonincubated TSM contracted by 60 mM KCl (n = 8). 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in X-axis show six concentrations of the extract (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 20, and 400 μg/ml) and 3, 4, 5, and 6 show theophylline concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mM) and (b) atropine-incubated TSM (1 μM, n = 6). and , compared to the effect of saline (NS), +, ⁺⁺, and ⁺⁺⁺ in panel (a) indicate comparison between the effect of theophylline and that of the extract. ⁺⁺⁺ in panel (b) shows the comparison of the effect of the extract between incubated and nonincubated tissues. ANOVA with the Tukey–Kramer post hoc test was used for statistical comparison.

(a)

(b)