Cognitive Improvement and Safety Assessment of a Dietary Supplement Containing Propolis Extract in Elderly Japanese: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind Human Clinical Study
Table 3
Cognitrax.
Placebo
Propolis
(n = 33)
(n = 35)
Neurocognitive index
Baseline
102.3 ± 6.7
100.2 ± 7.5
Week 24
106.3 ± 5.8
104.8 ± 6.8
Δ
4.0 ± 5.4
4.6 ± 5.4
Composite memory
Baseline
98.1 ± 12.6
96.6 ± 10.1
Week 24
104.6 ± 17.0
107.9 ± 13.6
Δ
6.5 ± 14.8
11.3 ± 10.4
Verbal memory
Baseline
94.5 ± 15.7
95.1 ± 11.9
Week 24
103.5 ± 19.9
111.2 ± 12.6
Δ
9.0 ± 13.5
16.1±10.7∗
Visual memory
Baseline
102.8 ± 11.3
99.7 ± 11.9
Week 24
105.1 ± 16.0
102.5 ± 14.0
Δ
2.3 ± 15.7
2.9 ± 14.6
Reaction time
Baseline
99.8 ± 7.7
95.1 ± 9.2
Week 24
102.8 ± 10.9
96.7 ± 9.6∗
Δ
3.0 ± 9.7
1.6 ± 8.4
Complex attention
Baseline
107.0 ± 7.9
106.9 ± 11.1
Week 24
109.9 ± 9.5
108.4 ± 8.3
Δ
2.9 ± 12.9
1.5 ± 9.8
Sustained attention
Baseline
108.7 ± 11.8
106.3 ± 12.2
Week 24
108.3 ± 19.2
108.8 ± 9.4
Δ
−0.4 ± 15.7
2.5 ± 8.9
Simple attention
Baseline
103.9 ± 12.0
105.9 ± 6.3
Week 24
107.2 ± 4.0
106.9 ± 4.2
Δ
3.3 ± 12.4
0.9 ± 7.0
Cognitive flexibility
Baseline
101.8 ± 7.5
100.5 ± 11.8
Week 24
105.5 ± 7.5
103.0 ± 9.8
Δ
3.7 ± 9.2
2.5 ± 8.8
Psychomotor speed
Baseline
105.0 ± 12.2
102.4 ± 11.0
Week 24
108.6 ± 11.4
107.3 ± 10.8
Δ
3.6 ± 7.5
4.9 ± 6.0
Processing speed
Baseline
112.9 ± 11.1
112.1 ± 8.8
Week 24
113.2 ± 9.9
114.0 ± 9.1
Δ
0.3 ± 9.4
1.9 ± 7.7
Motor speed
Baseline
98.2 ± 11.8
95.4 ± 12.6
Week 24
102.3 ± 12.1
100.3 ± 12.3
Δ
4.2 ± 7.5
4.9 ± 6.6
Executive function
Baseline
101.7 ± 7.9
100.1 ± 12.4
Week 24
105.6 ± 6.3
102.8 ± 9.9
Δ
3.9 ± 8.5
2.7 ± 8.9
Working memory
Baseline
104.4 ± 15.9
103.4 ± 14.0
Week 24
106.1 ± 15.0
105.0 ± 9.6
Δ
1.8 ± 17.5
1.6 ± 10.1
Values are mean ± SD. compared to placebo. and compared to baseline. Δ, change compared to baseline.
