Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates and Meat-Borne Pathogens

Table 1

Panel of MDR clinical and meat-borne bacterial pathogens used for antibacterial assay.

Specimens	Types of MDR clinical isolates	Antibiotic resistance patterns
Wound	S. aureus	Penicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin
	K. pneumoniae	Piperacillin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, azithromycin, and meropenem
	P. aeruginosa	Piperacillin, cefepime, meropenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin
Throat	S. pyogenes	Tetracycline, ceftriaxone
Urine	Enterococcus sp.	Penicillin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin
	E. coli	Penicillin, tetracycline, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and co-trimoxazole
	Proteus sp.	Ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, and ceftriaxone
Stool (diarrhoea)	Shigella sp.	Ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and erythromycin
	Campylobacter sp.	Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gen; gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ceftriaxone
	Salmonella sp.	Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, erythromycin, and ceftriaxone
Meat-borne pathogens	S. aureus	—
	E. coli	—
	Salmonella sp.	—
ATCC reference strains	S. aureus (25923)	—
	E. coli (27853)	—
	P. aeruginosa (27853)	—