|
| Plant species | Family | Common name | Part of plant used | Uses | References |
|
| Acacia sieberiana var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Keay & Brenan | Leguminosae | Paperbark thorn (Eng); papierbasdoring (Afr) | Bark and roots | Urinary tract ailments | [46] |
| Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd | Apocynaceae | Inhlungunyembe (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary tract infection | [43] |
| Afroaster hispida (Thunb.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt | Asteraceae | Udlutshana (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [47] |
| Agathosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Pillans | Rutaceae | Buchu (Eng); boegoe (Afr); bocho (Sotho) | Leaves | Bladder and kidney ailments | [45, 48, 49] |
| Agathosma capensis (L.) Dummer | Rutaceae | Spicy buchu (Eng); anysboegoe, steenbokboegoe (Afr) | Leaves | Urinary ailments | [50] |
| Agathosma serratifolia (Curtis) Spreeth | Rutaceae | Langblaarboegoe, kloofboegoe (Afr); long buchu (Eng) | Leaves | Bladder and kidney ailments | [45] |
| Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) W.Wight | Leguminosae | Isiyengelele, usolo, umgadankawu (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary tract infection | [47] |
| Aloe ferox Mill. | Xanthorrhoeaceae | Bitteraalwyn (Afr); bitter aloe (Eng) | Leaves, roots, and stems | Kidney and bladder ailments | [51] |
| Aloe zebrina Baker | Xanthorrhoeaceae | Sebra-aalwyn (Afr); zebra aloe (Eng) | Leaves | Urinary and bladder ailments | [46] |
| Antiphiona pinnatisecta (S.Moore) Merxm. | Compositae | Unknown | Roots | Bladder ailments | [46] |
| Antizoma angustifolia (Burch.) Miers ex Harv. | Menispermaceae | Maagbitterwortel (Afr) | Roots | Kidney and bladder ailments | [52] |
| Aptosimum procumbens (Lehm.) Burch. ex Steud | Scrophulariaceae | Brandbos (Afr) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [42–44] |
| Arctopus echinatus L. | Apiaceae | Platdoring (Afr) | Roots | Bladder ailments | [42–44, 53] |
| Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. | Compositae | Alsem (Afr); African wormwood (Eng); mhlonyana (Zulu) | Leaves, roots, and stems | Bladder and kidney ailments | [49, 51] |
| Asparagus africanus Lam. | Asparagaceae | Bush asparagus, African asparagus (Eng); katdoring (Afr); isigobo (Zulu) | Not specified | Bladder and kidney ailments | [46] |
| Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce | Asparagaceae | Makholela (Sotho) | Roots | Urinary tract infection | [48] |
| Aster bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. | Compositae | Idlutshane, uhloshana (Zulu) | Leaves | Urinary tract infection | [43] |
| Baccharoides adoensis var. kotschyana (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) | Compositae | Innyathelo (Zulu) | Stems and leaves | Urinary tract infection | [43] |
| Ballota africana (L.) Benth. | Lamiaceae | Kattekruid (Afr) | Leaves | Bladder and kidney ailments | [50] |
| Berkheya Setifera DC. | Compositae | Ikhakhasi, umalumvuba (Zulu); leleme-la-khomo (Sotho) | Root | Urinary and kidney ailments | [47, 54] |
| Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms | Leguminosae | Umholo (Zulu); tree wisteria (Eng); vanwykshout (Afr) | Barks, leaves, and stems | Kidney ailments | [55] |
| Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb. | Amaryllidaceae | Gifbol (Afr) | Bulb | Bladder ailments | [42–44] |
| Bowiea volubilis Harv. | Asparagaceae | Climbing onion (Eng); knolklimop (Afr); iguleni (Zulu) | Bulb | Bladder ailments | [43, 48] |
| Brachylaena discolor DC. | Compositae | Bosvaalbos (Afr); ipahla (Zulu) | Leaves | Urinary ailments | [43] |
| Bulbine abyssinica A.Rich | Xanthorrhoeaceae | Wildekopieva (Afr) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [56, 57] |
| Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Spreng. | Xanthorrhoeaceae | Red carrot (Eng); rooiwortel (Afr) | Root | Bladder and kidney ailments | [48, 57] |
| Cardiospermum halicacabum L. | Sapindaceae | Balloon vine (Eng); blaasklimop (Afr) | Stems and leaves | Bladder ailments | [43, 46, 58] |
| Carica papaya L. | Caricaceae | Papaya, pawpaw (Eng) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Cenchrus ciliaris L. | Poaceae | Buffalograss (Eng); bloubuffelgras (Afr); idungamuzi (Zulu) | Roots | Urinary tract infection | [43, 59, 60] |
| Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. | Compositae | Karmedik (Afr) | Not specified | Urinary and kidney ailments | [50] |
| Chironia baccifera L. | Gentianaceae | Bitterbos, sarsaparilla (Afr) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [50] |
| Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. | Compositae | Bietou, bessiebos (Afr) | Whole plant | Urinary and kidney ailments | [50] |
| Cissampelos capensis L.f. | Menispermaceae | David's root (Eng); gifhondjie, dawidjieswortel (Afr) | Roots and leaves | Bladder ailments | [42–44, 46] |
| Cleome gynandra L. | Cleomaceae | African cabbage, spiderwisp (Eng); snotterbelletjie (Afr) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Cliffortia odorata L.f. | Rosaceae | Wildewingerd (Afr); wild vine (Eng) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [48] |
| Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Bosse | Amaryllidaceae | Benediction lily (Eng); boslelie (Afr); umayime (Zulu) | Bulb | Urinary ailments | [43] |
| Coix lacryma-jobi L. | Poaceae | Job's tears, adlay (Eng) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Combretum kraussii Hochst. | Combretaceae | Umduba, umdubu omhlophe, umdubo wamanzi (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary and bladder ailments | [47] |
| Commelina africana L. | Commelinaceae | Idangabane (Zulu); khopo (Sotho) | Root | Bladder ailments | [43] |
| Conostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. | Rubiaceae | Wild pentas (Eng); umbophe, ungcolosi (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [61] |
| Conyza scabrida DC. | Compositae | Oondbos, bakbos, paddabos (Afr) | Leaves | Bladder infection | [51] |
| Crinum macowanii Baker | Amaryllidaceae | River fly (Eng); umduze (Zulu) | Bulb | Urinary ailments | [43] |
| Crinum moorei Hook. f. | Amaryllidaceae | Umduze (Zulu) | Bulb | Urinary ailments | [43] |
| Crossyne guttata (L.) D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies | Amaryllidaceae | Gifbol (Afr) | Bulb | Bladder ailments | [42–44] |
| Cryptolepis oblongifolia (Meisn.) Schltr. | Apocynaceae | Bokhoring, melkbos (Afr); mukangaza (Sotho) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Cussonia paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh. | Araliaceae | Motsetse (Sotho) | Not specified | Kidney and bladder ailment | [54, 62] |
| Cyathula achyranthoides (Kunth) Moq. | Amaranthaceae | Unknown | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [63] |
| Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. | Poaceae | Dog's tooth (Eng); krookgras (Afr) | Rhizome | Urinary ailments | [46] |
| Datura stramonium L. | Solanaceae | Thornapple, jimsonweed, devil's snare (Eng) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Dicoma capensis Less. | Compositae | Karmedik, wilde karmedik (Afr) | Leaves | Bladder and kidney ailments | [44, 45, 56, 57] |
| Diosma oppositifolia L. | Rutaceae | Buchu, Bitter buchu (Eng) | Leaves | Bladder and kidney ailments | [48] |
| Diosma prama I.Williams | Rutaceae | Steenbokkboegoe (Afr) | Not specified | Urinary and kidney ailments | [50] |
| Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A.DC | Ebenaceae | Ikhambi lesduli, umazambezi (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [47] |
| Dipcadi gracillimum Baker | Asparagaceae | Oumasegroottoon (Afr) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [63] |
| Dipcadi viride (L.) Moench | Asparagaceae | Ugibizisila, uguleni, umakhweyana (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary tract infection | [47] |
| Dipcadi gracillimum Baker | Asparagaceae | Oumasegroottoon (Afr) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [64] |
| Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. | Sapindaceae | Basterolen, sandolien, ysterbos (Afr); sand olive (Eng) | Leaves | Bladder and kidney ailments | [5, 50, 51] |
| Drimia elata Jacq. | Asparagaceae | Satin squill (Eng); brandui, jeukbol (Afr); umqumbu (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [44] |
| Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants | Amaranthaceae | Ikhambi leslumo, uzansikwesibaya (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [47] |
| Elytropappus rhinocerotis (L.f.) Less. | Asteraceae | Renosterbos (Afr) | Leaves | Bladder and kidney disorders | [49] |
| Elymus repens (L.) Gould | Poaceae | Couch grass (Eng) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Empleurum unicapsulare (L.f.) Skeels | Rutaceae | Bergboegoe, langblaarboegoe (Afr) | Whole plant | Urinary and kidney ailments | [50] |
| Eriocephalus punctulatus DC. | Compositae | Kapokbos (Afr) | Whole plant | Urinary and kidney ailments | [50] |
| Eriosema distinctum N.E.Br. | Leguminosae | Ubangalala omkhulu (Zulu) | Roots | Urinary ailments | [43] |
| Erythrina caffra Thunb. | Leguminosae | Coral tree (Eng); kaffirboom (Afr); umsinsi (Zulu) | Leaves | Urinary ailments | [43] |
| Erythrina lysistemon Hutch. | Leguminosae | Umsinsi (Zulu) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [47] |
| Euclea natalensis A.DC. | Ebenaceae | IsiZimane, umshekisane (Zulu) | Bark | Urinary tract infection | [47, 65] |
| Euclea undulata Thunb. | Ebenaceae | Ghwarrie, ghwarrieboom, ghwarriebos (Afr) | Whole plant | Urinary and kidney ailments | [43, 50] |
| Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt | Asparagaceae | Mathethebane (Sotho) | Tubular roots | Urinary ailments | [58] |
| Euphorbia milii Des Moul. | Euphorbiaceae | Crown of thorns (Eng) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [64, 66] |
| Euphorbia tithymaloides L. | Euphorbiaceae | Redbird flower (Eng) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [64, 66] |
| Exomis microphylla (Thunb.) Aellen | Amaranthaceae | Hondepisbos, hondebossie (Afr) | Whole plant | Urinary ailments | [50] |
| Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. | Leguminosae | Anatree (Eng); anaboom (Afr) | Bark | Bladder ailments | [46] |
| Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | Apiaceae | Vinkel, makuinkel, soetvinkel (Afr) | Whole plant | Urinary ailments | [50] |
| Galenia africana L. | Aizoaceae | Kraalbos (Afr) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [42–44] |
| Galium tomentosum Thunb. | Rubiaceae | Red storm (Eng); rooistorm, doodlief (Afr) | Root | Bladder ailments | [48, 56] |
| Geranium incanum Burm.f. | Geraniaceae | Carpet geranium (Eng); horlosie, bergtee, vrouetee (Afr); tlako (Sotho) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [56, 64] |
| Grewia caffra Meisn. | Malvaceae | Upata, iphatha (Zulu) | Roots, bark | Bladder ailment | [67] |
| Grewia occidentalis L. | Malvaceae | Cross berry (Eng); iklolo, imahlehle (Zulu) | Roots | Bladder ailments | [43] |
| Grewia robusta Burch. | Malvaceae | Bokbos (Afr) | Whole plant | Urinary ailments | [50] |
| Gunnera perpensa L. | Gunneraceae | Ugobho, izibu (Zulu) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [47] |
| Helichrysum crispum (L.) D. Don | Compositae | Kooigoed (Afr) | Leaf | Bladder and kidney ailments | [49] |
| Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet | Compositae | Phefo (Sotho); kooigoed, kooibos (Afr) | Leaves, roots, and stems | Bladder ailments | [50, 56] |
| Helichrysum patulum (L.) D.Don | Compositae | Honey everlasting (Eng); kooigoed (Afr); impepho (Zulu) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Hibiscus pusillus Thunb. | Malvaceae | Blaasbossie (Afr) | Whole plant | Urinary ailments | [50] |
| Hibiscus mastersianus Hiern | Malvaceae | Monarch rosemallow (Eng) | Stems and Leaves | Urinary ailments | [46] |
| Hibiscus pedunculatus L.f. | Malvaceae | Pink mallow (Eng); indola ebomvu (Zulu) | Leaves | Urinary ailments | [43] |
| Hoslundia opposita Vahl | Lamiaceae | Bird gooseberry (Eng); uyaweyawe (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [46] |
| Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall. | Hypoxidaceae | Inkanfe (Zulu); yellow star (Eng) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [47, 50] |
| Hypoxis rigidula Baker | Hypoxidaceae | Ilabatheka, inkomfe, umhungulo (Zulu); African potato (Eng) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [47, 50] |
| Indigofera cassioides DC. | Leguminosae | Unknown | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br. | Convolvulaceae | Beach morning glory, goat’s foot (Eng); strandpatat (Afr) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Jasminum abyssinicum Hochst. ex DC. | Oleaceae | Mthundangazi | Roots | Bladder ailments | [68] |
| Kedrostis capensis A. Meeuse | Cucurbitaceae | Sesepa sa linoha (Sotho) | Tubular roots and leaves | Urinary tract infection | [69] |
| Ledebouria marginata (Baker) Jessop | Asparagaceae | Bokhoe (Sotho) | Root bulb | Urinary tract infection | [70] |
| Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. | Lamiaceae | Klip dagga, wild dagga (Afr) | Stems with leaves and flowers | Bladder and kidney disorders, | [49] |
| Lessertia frutescens (L.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | Leguminosae | Kalkoenblom, keurtjie (Afr) | Leaves | Kidney and urinary ailments | [50, 56] |
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | Compositae | Chamomile (Eng) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Melianthus pectinatus Harv. | Melianthaceae | Kriekiebos, lidjiebos (Afr) | Root | Urinary tract infection | [56] |
| Mentha longifolia (L.) L. | Lamiaceae | Wild mint (Eng); ufuthana lomhlanga (Zulu) | Leaves | Bladder and kidney ailments | [49, 52, 68] |
| Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Speta | Asparagaceae | Inguduza, untabosizi, untangana zibomvana (Zulu) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [47, 50] |
| Mesembryanthemum cordifolium L.f. | Aizoaceae | Ibohlololo (Zulu) | Leaves | Bladder ailment | [44, 47, 53] |
| Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. | Aizoaceae | Common ice plant, crystalline ice plant (Eng); soutslaai, volstruisslaai (Afr) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Mikania capensis DC. | Compositae | Umdlonzo, umhlozo (Zulu) | Leaves | Urinary ailments | [42, 43] |
| Millettia oblata Dunn | Leguminosae | Unknown | Roots | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Notobubon galbanum (L.) Magee | Apiaceae | Blister bush (Eng); bergseldery (Afr) | Not specified | Kidney and bladder ailment | [42, 52] |
| Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. | Nymphaeaceae | Blue water lily (Eng); blouwaterlelie (Afr); izubu, iziba, ugobho (Zulu) | Leaves | Urinary tract infection | [46, 47, 49] |
| Ocimum americanum L. | Lamiaceae | Hoary basil (Eng); wilde basielkruid (Afr) | Not specified | Urinary tract infection | [46] |
| Ocotea bullata (Burch.) E. Meyer in Drege | Lauraceae | Stinkwood, laurel wood (Eng); umnukani, umhlungulu (Zulu) | Bark | Urinary ailments | [43, 58] |
| Olea europaea L. | Oleaceae | Wild olive (Eng); olyfhout, olienhout (Afr); isadlulambezo (Zulu) | Roots and bark | Urinary tract infection | [43, 46] |
| Oncoba spinosa Forssk. | Salicaceae | Snuff-box tree (Eng); snuifkalbassie (Afr) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. | Cactaceae | Foie e kubedu (Sepedi); mudoro (Venda) | Roots | Urinary ailments | [63] |
| Pedalium murex L. | Pedaliaceae | Large caltrops (Eng) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Pegolettia baccharidifolia Less. | Compositae | Ghwarrieson, heuningdou (Afr) | Leaves and twigs | Bladder and kidney ailments | [44, 45] |
| Pelargonium grossularioides (L.) L'Hér. | Geraniaceae | Rooirabas (Afr); gooseberry-leaved Pelargonium (Eng) | Leaves and stems | Urinary tract infection | [51, 68] |
| Pelargonium hypoleucum Turcz. | Geraniaceae | Rooirabas (Afr) | Roots | Urinary tract infection | [56] |
| Pelargonium ramosissimum Willd. | Geraniaceae | Dassieboegoe, dassiebos (Afr) | Leaves and stems | Bladder and kidney ailments | [51, 68] |
| Pentanisia prunelloides (Klotzsch) Walp. | Rubiaceae | Sooibrandbossie (Afr); icimamlilo (Zulu) | Roots | Bladder and kidney ailments | [43] |
| Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W.Hill. | Apiaceae | Pietersielie (Afr); parsley (Eng) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [49, 66] |
| Phytolacca heptandra Retz. | Phytolaccaceae | Inkbessie (Afr); ingubivumile (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [43] |
| Portulaca quadrifida L. | Portulacaceae | Pigweed, wild purslane (Eng); kanniedood (Afr) | Not specified | Bladder and kidney ailments | [42, 46] |
| Prunus persica (L.) Batsch | Rosaceae | Peach (Eng) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. | Ranunculaceae | Botterblom, brandblare (Afr); uxhaphozi (Zulu) | Leaves | Urinary ailments | [43] |
| Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér. | Rhamnaceae | Mofifi (Sotho) | Root | Kidney and bladder ailment | [54] |
| Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. | Vitaceae | Wild/bitter grape (Eng); bobbejaantou, wildedruif (Afr); isinwazi (Zulu) | Stems | Urinary ailments | [43, 64] |
| Rhynchosia caribaea (Jacq.) DC. | Leguminosae | Snoutbean (Eng); rankboontjie (Afr); isihlahlasenqomfi (Zulu) | Roots | Urinary ailments | [46] |
| Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. | Leguminosae | Least snoutbean, burn-mouth-vine (Eng) | Roots | Bladder ailments | [46] |
| Rhynchosia sublobata (Schum.) Meikle | Leguminosae | Twiner of barren ground (Eng) | Roots | Bladder ailments | [46] |
| Ricinus communis L. | Euphorbiaceae | Olieboom, olieblaar (Afr) | Leaves | Urinary and kidney ailments | [47, 50] |
| Rotheca hirsuta (Hochst.) R.Fern | Lamiaceae | Butterfly bush, wild violet (Eng); umathanjana, lusikisiki (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [64] |
| Ruta graveolens L. | Rutaceae | Wynruit (Afr) | Leaves | Urinary tract infection and bladder ailments | [49, 56] |
| Salix woodii Seemen | Salicaceae | Wild willow (Eng) | Bark | Urinary ailments | [69] |
| Salix mucronata Thunb. | Salicaceae | Cape willow (Eng); vaalwilger (Afr) | Bark | Bladder ailments | [46] |
| Salvadora persica L. | Salvadoraceae | Toothbrush tree, real mustard tree (Eng); kerriebos (Afr) | Roots | Urinary tract infection | [46] |
| Salvia microphylla Kunth | Lamiaceae | Baby sage, Graham's sage, blackcurrant sage (Eng) | Roots | Urinary ailments | [50] |
| Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis & Nordal | Amaryllidaceae | Idumbe likahloyile, uhloyile, umphompo (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [47] |
| Solanum aculeastrum Dunal | Solanaceae | Gifappel (Afr); umthuma, untumane (Zulu) | Fruit | Urinary tract infection and kidney ailments | [47, 48] |
| Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. | Fabaceae | Keurtjies, kankerbossie (Afr) | Leaves and stems | Bladder and kidney ailments | [49] |
| Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. | Compositae | Camphor bush (Eng); wilde kanferbos (Afr); igceba elimhlope (Zulu) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [64] |
| Teucrium trifidum Retz. | Lamiaceae | Katjiedriebaar (Afr) | Leaves | Bladder ailments | [56, 57] |
| Thesium hystrix A.W.Hill | Santalaceae | Kleinswartstorm (Afr) | Roots | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Tragia meyeriana Müll.Arg. | Euphorbiaceae | Stinging nettle (Eng); ubangalala, imbabazane (Zulu) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42, 43] |
| Tragia rupestris Sond. | Euphorbiaceae | Ubangalala, imbabazane (Zulu) | Roots | Bladder ailments | [43] |
| Trichilia emetica Vahl | Meliaceae | Red rash (Eng); basteressenhout (Afr); ixolo, umkhuhlu (Zulu) | Bark | Kidney ailments | [43] |
| Trifolium africanum Ser. | Leguminosae | Erasmus clover, wild clover (Eng); wildeklawer (Afr); moqoiqoi, moqophi (Sesotho) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [63] |
| Typha capensis (Rohrb.) N.E.Br. | Typhaceae | Papkuil (Afr) | Not specified | Bladder and kidney ailments | [46] |
| Urtica urens L. | Urticaceae | Small nettle (Eng); dog nettle Eng) | Bark | Bladder pains | [58] |
| Warburgia salutaris (G.Bertol.) Chiov. | Canellaceae | Isibaha (Zulu) | Leaves | Urethral ailments | [67] |
| Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal | Solanaceae | Winter cherry (Eng); geneesblaar (Afr) | Roots | Bladder ailments | [46] |
| Xanthium strumarium L. | Compositae | Kankerroos (Afr) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
| Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) W.T.Aiton | Apocynaceae | Wild cotton (Eng); melkbos (Afr) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [46] |
| Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. | Araceae | Arum lilies, calla lilies, pig lily (Eng.); varkblom (Afr); mohalalitoe (Sotho) | Not specified | Urinary ailments | [54, 62–64] |
| Zea mays L. | Poaceae | Corn (Eng); umbila (Zulu) | Not specified | Bladder ailments | [42] |
|
