|
| Compound | Source | Cell/animal model | Effect | Ref |
|
| α-Bisabolol | Matricaria recutita, salvia and wood of candei | Human OA chondrocytes induced by AGEs/C57BL/6 mice induced by DMM | Reversed AGE-mediated overproduction of iNOS-NO, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 | [31,48] |
| Tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid B | Salvia miltiorrhiza | Male SD rats induced by ACLT/human OA chondrocytes | Downregulate iNOS, IL-1 β, COX-2, NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and ADAMTS-5 | [43,44] |
| Astaxanthin | Haematococcus pluvialis, Cladophora aegagropila | Male SD rats induced by MIA/Zealand rabbits induced by ACLT | Downregulate gene expression TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS and downregulate the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 | [45,77] |
| Delphinidin | Consolida ajacis, Solanum melongena, Commelina communis | Human chondrocytes induced by IL-1β/C28/I2 human chondrocytes induced by H2O2 | Reduce the production of COX-2 and PGE2 and reduce production of ROS | [46,59] |
| Bergapten | Heracleum hemsleyanum Diels, Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. | Chondrocytes of SD rats induced by IL-1β | Ameliorate expression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including Il‐1, Il‐6, TNF‐α, Cox‐2, and MMP‐13, maintain chondrocyte phenotype, and promote the secretion of cartilage‐specific extracellular matrix by activating the ANP32 A/ATM signaling pathway | [47] |
| Schisandrin | Schisandra chinensis | Chondrocytes of SD rats/male SD rats induced by ACLT | Suppress the production of NO inhibit cartilage matrix catabolic enzymes including MMPs and ADAMTS-5, increase the expression collagen II, aggrecan, and Sox9, and suppress MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways and PGE2, iNOS, and COX-2 | [76] |
| Psoralen | Psoralea corylifolia | Chondrocytes of SD rats induced by TNF-α/chondrocytes of SD rats | Decrease the gene expression of MMPs and ILs and upregulate gene expression of cyclin D1 | [81,94] |
| Tanshinone I | Salvia miltiorrhiza | Chondrocyte line chon-001 induced by IL-1β/C57BL/6 mice induced by ACLT | Reverse collagen II, aggrecan degradation, SOX11 downregulation, and MMP-13 and p–NF–κB upregulation | [78] |
| Shikonin | Lithospermum erythrorhizon | Chondrocytes of Zealand rabbits induced by IL-1β/Zealand rabbits induced by ACLT | Inhibit the gene expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 and increase that of TIMP-1 | [79] |
| Polyoxypregnane xglycoside | Dregea volubilis | Human OA chondrocytes and porcine induced by H2O2 | Inhibit MMPs gene and protein expression, reverse effect of IL-1β-inhibited expression of type II collagen | [80] |
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