Effect of Intermittent Fasting (18/6) on Energy Expenditure, Nutritional Status, and Body Composition in Healthy Adults

Table 3

Energy expenditure and some metabolic parameters of the participants at baseline and post-Ramadan.

Variables

Males (n:11)

Females (n:16)

Overall (n:27)

Baseline

Post-Ramadan

Difference (%)

Sig.

Baseline

Post-Ramadan

Difference (%)

Sig.

Baseline

Post-Ramadan

Difference (%)

Sig.

x̅±SD

x̅±SD

x̅±SD

x̅±SD

x̅±SD

x̅±SD

Sleep duration (h)

6.8 ± 0.77

6.8 ± 1.05

—

NS

7.5 ± 0.81

7.7 ± 1.34

+2.6

NS

7.2 ± 0.85

7.4 ± 1.29

+2.7

NS

Energy expenditure parameters

REE (kcal/d)

1927.7 ± 228.51

1838.8 ± 289.10

−4.6

NS

1557.2 ± 158.05

1430.0 ± 173.27

−8.1

1708.1 ± 262.50

1596.5 ± 302.27

−6.5

VO2 (mL/min)

276.8 ± 32.67

266.3 ± 40.05

−3.8

NS

228.6 ± 25.59

206.2 ± 24.90

−9.8

248.2 ± 37.02

230.9 ± 43.26

−6.9

Ve (L/min)

8.8 ± 1.24

8.4 ± 1.50

−4.5

NS

7.8 ± 1.77

7.4 ± 1.40

−5.1

NS

8.2 ± 1.63

7.8 ± 1.49

−4.8

NS

Rf (L/min)

15.7 ± 4.51

16.0 ± 4.04

+1.9

NS

16.5 ± 3.13

16.6 ± 4.30

+0.6

NS

16.2 ± 3.69

16.3 ± 4.12

+0.6

NS

FeO2 (%)

16.9 ± 0.32

16.8 ± 0.29

−0.6

NS

17.1 ± 0.48

17.3 ± 0.46

+1.1

NS

17.0 ± 0.44

17.1 ± 0.45

+0.5

NS

Energy expenditure for physical activity (kcal/d)

555.7 ± 100.98

333.3 ± 392.52

−40.0

NS

438.3 ± 273.55

377.6 ± 70.15

−13.8

NS

484.9 ± 224.43

360.5 ± 242.69

−25.6

NS

PAL value

1.2 ± 0.03

1.1 ± 0.21

−8.3

NS

1.2 ± 0.16

1.2 ± 0.04

—

NS

1.2 ± 0.12

1.2 ± 0.13

—

NS

TEE (kcal/d)

2480.4 ± 303.87

2101.5 ± 379.41

−15.2

1995.6 ± 345.51

1807.6 ± 217.15

−9.4

NS

2193.1 ± 404.12

1920.6 ± 318.41

−12.4

Metabolic parameters

SBP (mm Hg)

104.9 ± 7.53

100.0 ± 19.37

−3.8

NS

73.9 ± 10.67

98.8 ± 9.67

+33.6

NS

102.7 ± 11.98

99.3 ± 14.2

−3.3

NS

DBP (mm Hg)

68.0 ± 8.11

77.7 ± 14.50

+12.9

NS

73.9 ± 10.67

71.0 ± 8.67

−3.9

NS

71.5 ± 9.99

73.8 ± 11.72

+3.2

NS

VO_2: average oxygen consumption; Ve: average ventilation; Rf: average respiratory frequency; FeO_2: average oxygen concentration in exhaled air; PAL: physical activity level; TEE: total energy expenditure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. NS: not significant, .