Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Cognitive Functions in Healthy, Stressed Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Table 1

Within-group and between-group differences for additional efficacy parameters from baseline to the last visit.

Index	Baseline visit^§	Visit 4	value; change from baseline to visit 4	Baseline	Visit 4	value; change from baseline to visit 4	value; the difference in Ashwagandha SR vs. placebo groups at visit 4
	Ashwagandha SR			Placebo
PSS-10	19.5 ± 3.2	13.0 ± 5.0	<.0001	19.4 ± 3.1	18.7 ± 4.6		<.0001
Serum cortisol, μg/dL	9.04 ± 3.77	6.34 ± 2.31	<.0001	9.01 ± 3.69	7.38 ± 3.31
OHQ	3.93 ± 0.60	4.39 ± 0.78		3.91 ± 0.77	3.44 ± 0.69		<.0001
PSQI	4.6 ± 2.7	2.5 ± 1.6	<.0001	4.6 ± 2.2	4.0 ± 2.0		<.0001

^§Baseline for PSS-10 assessment was visit 1 and that for serum cortisol, OHQ, and PSQI was visit 2.