The Antioxidant Effect of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) Ethanolic Extract against Mercury Chloride (HgCl₂) Toxicity in Rat Liver and Kidney: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Table 5

The levels of renal parameters in the serum of the control and treated groups.

Parameter	Groups
	C	S	T1	T2	T3
Urea (mg/dl)	30.41 ± 2.41	46.98 ± 2.59 Α	35.76 ± 2.51 α, β	37.00 ± 1.41 α, β	32.90 ± 1.68 β
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.38 ± 0.14	1.23 ± 0.16 α, β	0.99 ± 0.09 α, β	0.83 ± 0.05 α, β	0.75 ± 0.18 α, β
Uric acid (mg/dl)	1.89 ± 0.14	5.83 ± 1.02 Α	3.6 ± 0.73 α, β	2.30 ± 0.23 β	1.86 ± 0.10 β
Sodium (mmol/l)	146.66 ± 6.02	149.83 ± 2.99	142.5 ± 1.64	146.5 ± 4.59	143.5 ± 6.41
Potassium (mmol/l)	4.48 ± 0.91	5.78 ± 0.57 Α	5.45 ± 0.30 α	4.83 ± 0.25 β	4.26 ± 0.23 β
Renal Hg content (μg/g)	5.46 ± 1.59	21.66 ± 3.26 Α	20.00 ± 2.28 α	14.05 ± 1.04 α, β	10.25 ± 1.19 α, β

All values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). ; α and β, respectively, denote comparison with groups C and S.