The Antioxidant Effect of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) Ethanolic Extract against Mercury Chloride (HgCl₂) Toxicity in Rat Liver and Kidney: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Table 6

Evaluation of the pathological changes in the kidney of the animals in the control and treated groups.

Parameter	Groups
	C	S	T1	T2	T3
Acute tubular necrosis	0.0 ± 0.0	2.83 ± 0.38 Α	2.66 ± 0.50 α	1.33 ± 0.50 β, γ	0.83 ± 0.74 β, γ
Interstitial nephritis	0.0 ± 0.0	2.16 ± 0.74 Α	1.33 ± 0.50	1.16 ± 0.38	1.16 ± 0.38
Glomerular damage	0.0 ± 0.0	2.50 ± 0.52 Α	1.0 ± 0.62 β	0.83 ± 0.39 β	0.56 ± 0.43 β
Hyaline cast	0.0 ± 0.0	2.66 ± 0.79 Α	2.50 ± 0.53 α	1.16 ± 0.38 β	0.83 ± 0.73 β

All values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). ; α, β, and γ, respectively, denote comparison with groups C, S, and T1.