Effects of Basketball and Baduanjin Exercise Interventions on Problematic Smartphone Use and Mental Health among College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Mean and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) of the raw data values for MPAI, anxiety, stress, inadequacy, and loneliness at the baseline, week 12, and 2-month follow-up in the Baduanjin, basketball, and control groups.

Variable	Baduanjin			Basketball			Control
	Baseline	Week 12	2-month follow-up	Baseline	Week 12	2-month follow-up	Baseline	Week 12	2-month follow-up
MPAI	51.13 ± 8.66	42.74 ± 6.87	43.48 ± 5.05	48.42 ± 7.80	38.71 ± 4.60	41.03 ± 3.23	47.82 ± 5.83	46.59 ± 5.03	44.85 ± 3.96
Anxiety	51.29 ± 6.00	45.58 ± 5.12	46.42 ± 4.83	52.84 ± 5.05	41.84 ± 4.43	41.58 ± 4.67	54.03 ± 5.31	52.59 ± 5.04	52.85 ± 4.13
Stress	34.23 ± 5.10	29.52 ± 4.3	30.35 ± 4.65	33.87 ± 5.00	27 ± 4.21	32.03 ± 4.05	34.5 ± 5.82	32.68 ± 5.08	31.94 ± 4.79
Inadequacy	76.87 ± 7.71	108.32 ± 15.12	100.52 ± 21.19	78.68 ± 8.23	117.26 ± 15.03	110.81 ± 12.58	77.41 ± 7.88	90.85 ± 14.76	88.18 ± 11.4
Loneliness	50.1 ± 4.82	40.68 ± 2.82	42.45 ± 3.06	50.55 ± 4.51	38.42 ± 2.91	40.13 ± 3.32	48.79 ± 5.76	47 ± 6.2	47.12 ± 4.71

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