Comparison of Herbal Agents with Sodium Hypochlorite as Root Canal Irrigant: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

Table 2

General information of included article.

Author and year	Selection of teeth	Sample size	Herbal irrigant	Positive control (% NaOCl)	Negative control	Other irrigants
OK et al. 2015 [5]	Permanent maxillary central incisors	N = 180	Group 3: 1% oregano extract solution, group4 : 2% oregano extract solution, and group5: 5% oregano extract solution	Group 6: 5.25% NaOCl	Group 7: sterile saline	Group 1: 17% EDTA and group2: 2% chlorhexidine
Pujar et al. 2011 [11]	Permanent single rooted premolar	N = 40	Group 1: 60 mg/ml of triphala in 10% DMSO and group 2: 60 mg/ml of green tea polyphenol in 10% DMSO	Group 3: 3% NaOCl	Group 4: sterile saline
Choudhary et al. 2018 [12]	Permanent single rooted teeth	N = 84	Group 1 (N = 16): MCJ and group2 (N = 16): triphala juice	Group 3: 1% NaOCl	Group 6: sterile distilled water	Group 4: 2% chlorhexidine and group 5: preservative control group
Sedigh-Shams et al. 2015 [13]	Permanent mandibular premolar	N = 60	Group 1: a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Z. multiflora EO (1 mg/ml) of 1 : 1024 and group 2: twice the MFC of Z. multiflora	Group 3: 1: 16 MFC of 5% NaOCl (3 mg/ml)	Group 4: distilled water
Rosaline et al. 2013 [14]	Permanent single rooted teeth	N = 50	Group 3: 1.25 mg/ml of Morinda citrifolia, group 4 :  0.33 mg/ml of Azadiracta indica, and group 5 :  0.33 mg/ml of green tea polyphenol	Group 2: 5.25% NaOCl	Group 1: sterile saline
Gupta-Wadhwa et al. 2016 [15]	Permanent maxillary and mandibular single rooted teeth	N = 40	Group A: 40% O. sanctum, group B: 10% S. aromaticum, and group C: 10% C. zeylanicum	Group D: 3% NaOCl	Group E: distilled water
Sharifian et al. 2009 [16]	Bovine incisors	N = 120	Group 2: carvacrol 10%	Group 1: NaOCl 5.25%	Group 3: infected dentin tube	Group 4: sterile dentin tube
Divia et al. 2018 [17]	Permanent premolar teeth	N = 60	Group 3: Morinda citrifolia (64 mg/ml in 10% DMSO), group 4: triphala (64 mg/ml in 10% DMSO), and group 5: green tea polyphenols (64 mg/ml in 10% DMSO)	Group 2: 5% NaOCl	Group 1: distilled water
Kumar et al. 2018 [18]	Maxillary central incisors	N = 120 antimicrobial efficacy (N = 60) and smear layer removal efficacy (N = 60)	Group IB: 25% neem extract (N = 20) and group IC: 25% tulsi Extract (N = 20)	Group IA: 3% NaOCl (N = 20)