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| Author and year | Microbial inoculation | Root canal preparation (instruments used and size of preparation) | Irrigation protocol | Volume of irrigant | Time of irrigation | Needle used for irrigation | Irrigant activation devices used |
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| Ok et al. 2015 [5] | E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) cultured in a BHI agar suspension adjusted to 1 × 108 CFU | ProTaper NiTi rotary files 30.06% taper | No protocol mentioned | 6 ml of each irrigant | 2 min | Not mentioned in the study | Nil |
| Pujar et al. 2011 [11] | E. faecalis cultured in a BHI agar (strain not mentioned) | Step back upto 40 K file | No protocol mentioned | 3 ml of each irrigant | 10 mins | Not mentioned in the study | Nil |
| Choudhary et al. 2018 [12] | E. faecalis (MTCC 2729) and C. albicans (MTCC 1637) in a BHI agar is inoculated in 5 mL of suspension to obtain 1 : 1010 dilution | Step back upto 40 K file | During canal preparation, 3 mL of respective irrigant was used for 15 mins after enlargement, 2 mL of irrigant solution was used to rinse debris in the canals for another 5 min. Sterile normal saline (2 mL) was used as a final rinse | 5 ml of each irrigant | 20 mins | 30-gauge needle | Nil |
| Sedigh-Shams et al. 2015 [13] | C. albicans in sabouraud dextrose agar suspensions adjusted to 1.5 × 108 CFU | ProTaper NiTi rotary files 30.06% taper | During canal preparation, 10 ml of respective irrigants were used. Groups 1 and 2 were irrigated with 2 ml of sterile distilled water to remove the remaining Z. multiflora EO. Group 3 were irrigated with 2 ml of 4% sterile sodium thiosulfate solution to neutralize the remaining NaOCl | 10 ml of each irrigant | 12–14 mins | 27-gauge needle | Nil |
| Rosaline et al. 2013 [14] | E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) cultured in tryptone bile X-glucuronide agar suspensions adjusted to 1 × 106 cells/ml | Not mentioned in the study | All the specimens were treated with 5.25% NaOCl for 30 min followed by 5 mmol/L 17% EDTA for 5 mins. After which, the final irrigants were used | Not mentioned about the volume of final rinse | Final irrigation for 30 mins | Not mentioned in study | Nil |
| Gupta–Wadhwa et al. 2016 [15] | E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) suspensions adjusted to 1.5 × 108 CFU | ProTaper NiTi rotary files 30.06% taper | Initially, 2 mL of experimental extract for 30 s; during instrumentation, the canal was irrigated with 2 mL of the tested extract. After instrumentation experimental, extract was left undisturbed for 60 s and then finally irrigated with 2 mL of 3% NaOCl followed by 5 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 min and again with 2 mL of experimental extract | 20 ml used in each canal | 6mins 30 s approx. | 30-gauge needle | Nil |
| Sharifian et al. 2009 [16] | E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) | Specimens enlarged low-speed round burs of ISO sizes 025, 027, 029, 031, and 033 | No protocol was mentioned | Not mentioned | 20 mins contact time of irrigant | Not mentioned | Nil |
| Divia et al. 2018 [17] | E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) | Step back upto 50 k file | No protocol was mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Nil |
| Kumar et al. 2018 [18] | E. faecalis (strain not mentioned) | Step back up to 30K size | No protocol was mentioned | 6 ml of irrigants | At the rate of 2 ml/15 seconds | 25-gauge needle | Nil |
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