Review Article

Botanical, Traditional Use, Phytochemical, and Toxicological of Arisaematis rhizoma

Table 1

Traditional and clinical application of Arisaematis.

Preparation nameMain compositionsFormulationTraditional and clinical usagesRef.

San Sheng YinArisaema amurense Maxim.DecoctionIt is mainly used to treat apoplexy, faintness, askew mouth and eyes, and hemiplegia.Qi Xiao Liang Fang 《奇效良方》
Aucklandia lappa Decne.
Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.
Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.

Yu Zhen SanAngelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.)DecoctionTetanusChinese pharmacopoeia, 2020 《中国药典》
Arisaema amurense Maxim.
Typhonium giganteum Engl.
Gastrodia elata Bl.
Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang
Saposhnikovia divaricata
(Turcz.) Schischk

Hua Tan WanPinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.PillsTo dissipate phlegm. Main phlegm dampness, food accumulation and internal obstruction, cough and asthma, chest and diaphragm distention, and phlegm retention.Chinese pharmacopoeia, 2020 《中国药典》
Arisaema amurense Maxim.
Gleditsia sinensis Lam.
Zingiber officinale Rosc.
Citrus reticulata Blanco (Qingpi)
Citrus reticulata Blanco (Chenpi)
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
Raphanus sativus L.
Prunus armeniaca L
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi
Hordeum vulgare L.
Crataegus pinnatifida Bge
Cyperus rotundus L.

Yi Zi SanCinnabarisPowderInfantile apoplexy, hand, and foot contractureSheng Hu Juan Ba Shi San 《圣惠》卷八十三方》
Cicadae Periostracum
Bombyx Batryticatus
Pinelliae Rhizoma
Arisaematis Rhizom

Zhui Feng SanAconitum carmichaelii Debx.PowderDispel wind evil, clear the head, benefit the pharynx and diaphragm, dissipate phlegm, and saliva. It can cure headache, dizziness, palpitation, fever, pain, nasal congestion, neck and back, or itchy skin.Mi Chuan Zheng Zhi Yao Jue Lei Fang 《秘传证治要诀类方》
Saposhnikovia divaricata
(Turcz.) Schischk
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.
Bombyx mori Linnaeus
Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.
Typhonium giganteum Engl.
Notopterygium incisum Ting exH. T. Chang
Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex
Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f
Arisaema amurense Maxim.
Gastrodia elata Bl.
Boszvellia carterii Birdw.
Pheretima vulgaris Chen.
Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.
Commiphora myrrha Engl.

Huo Luo DanAconitum carmichaelii Debx.PillsSpleen blood cold for a long time, stagnation of meridians and collaterals, flowing foot and hand, muscle and pulse contracture fist, or redness and swelling, hard walking, heavy waist and legs, and pain of foot lifting.Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju fang 《太平惠民和剂局方》卷一
Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.
Pheretima vulgaris Chen.
Arisaema amurense Maxim.
Boszvellia carterii Birdw.
Commiphora myrrha Engl.

Qing Qi Hua Tan WanCitrus reticulata BlancoPillsIt has the effect of clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, regulating qi, and relieving cough, and it is mainly used to treat all kinds of phlegm fire syndrome and phlegm heat syndrome.Chinese pharmacopoeia, 2020 《中国药典》
Corydalis bungeana Turcz
Citrus sinensis Osbeck
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Trichosanthes kirilowill Maxim.
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf.
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.

Ding Xian WanGastrodia elata Bl.PillsEpileptic seizuresYi Xue Xin Wu 《医学心悟》
Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf
Acorus tatarinowii Schott
Buthus martensii Karsch
Bombyx mori Linnaeus
Citrus reticulata Blanco (Chenpi)
Polygala tenuifolia Willd.
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f)
Ker-gawl

Niu Huang Bao Long WanBos taurus domesticus GmelinPillsIt has the effect of clearing away heat and shock, dispelling wind, and resolving phlegm. It is used for the convulsion caused by the excess of wind and phlegm in children.Chinese pharmacopoeia, 2020 《中国药典》
Bambusa textilis McClure
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf
Moschus berezovskii Flerov. dry secretions in the sachet of mature male musk deer
Buthus martensii Karsch
Bombyx mori Linnaeus

Hua Feng DanNotopterygium inchum Ting ex H. T. ChangPillsExpectorant, anti-pyretic, and convulsive. Treat children with convulsion and epilepsy.Yin Tong Bai Wen Juan Shang 《婴童百问》卷上
Angelica pubescens maxim. f. biserrata Shan et yuan
Saposhnikovia divaricata
(Turcz.) Schischk
Gastrodia elata Bl.
Panax ginseng C. A. Mey dried roots and rhizomes
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. dried roots
Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Briq. dried aboveground part
Buthus martensii karsch dried bulk

Hu Po Bao Long WanDioscorea opposita Thunb. dried rootsPillsClearing heat and phlegm, calming, and tranquilizing. It is used for the acute convulsion of phlegm food type caused by internal food injury. The symptoms include fever, convulsion, restlessness, phlegm panting, and convulsion.Yin Tong Bai Wen Juan Liu 《婴童百问》卷六
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. dried roots and rhizomes
Bambusa textilis McClure dry fluid
Santalum album L. dried heartwood
Citrus aurantium L. dried and immature fruit (Zhiqiao)
Citrus aurantium L. dried and immature small fruit (Zhishi)
Panax ginseng C.A. Mey

Zhi Ke Hua Tan WanEphedra sinica Stapf. dried grass stemPillsRelieving cough and phlegm, relieving asthma. It is used for asthma.Chinese pharmacopoeia, 2020 《中国药典》
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC dried roots
Citrus reticulata Blanco (Chenpi)
Stemona japonica (BL) Miq. dried root
Tussilago farfara L. dried flower bud
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. dried tuber
Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A.DC dried root
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. dried fruit
Zingiber officinale Rosc. dried rhizome
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. dried roots and rhizomes
Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl. dried seed
Asarwm sieboldii Miq. dried roots and rhizomes
Ziziphus jujuba Mill. dry ripe fruit
Curcuma longa L. dry root tubers

Jin Su DanBombyx mori LinnaeusPillsFor children with wind phlegm convulsion.Chinese pharmacopoeia, 2020 《中国药典》
Buthus martensii Karsch. a dried worm
Typhonium giganteum Engl. dried tubers
Moschus berezovskii Flerov. dry secretions in the male sachet
Gastrodia elata Bl. dried tubers
Boszvellia carterii Birdw. dried resin

Xiao Er Zhi Bao WanPerilla frutescens (L.) Britt. dried leavesPillsPhlegm leading stagnation. It is used for children with cold, fever and stuffy nose, cough and phlegm, and vomiting and diarrhea.Chinese pharmacopoei, 2020 《中国药典》
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. dry above-ground parts
Mentha haplocalyx Briq. dry above-ground parts
Notopterygium inchum Ting ex H. T. Chang dried roots and rhizomes
Citrus reticulata Blanco (Chenpi)
Typhonium giganteum Engl. dried tubers
Sinapis alba L. dried seed
Fritillaria cirrhosa D. don dried bulbs
Areca catechu L. dried seed
Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf.
Hordeum vulgare L.
Gastrodia elata Bl. dried tubers
Uncaria macrophylla wall stem branches with dry hooks
Bombyx mori Linnaeus
Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius the shell of a larva that falls off during eclosion
Buthus martensii Karsch. a dried worm

Xiao Er Kang Xian Jiao NangArisaema cum Bile, Pinelliae rhizomaCapsuleIt can eliminate phlegm and wind, strengthen the spleen, and regulate qi. It is used for the syndrome of wind phlegm blocking in children with primary generalized tonic clonic seizure. When the seizure occurs, there are convulsions of limbs, salivation at the mouth, straggling of eyes, and even fainting.Chinese pharmacopoeia, 2020 《中国药典》
Gastrodiae rhizoma, Pseudostellariae radix, Poria, Citri exocarpium rubrum
Rhizoma anemones Altiaicae, Canarii fructus, Ambrum, Aquilariae lignum resinatum, Massa medicata fermentata, Aurantii fructus, Chuanxiong rhizoma, Notopterygii rhizoma Et radix