Development and Validation of the Health Literacy Assessment Instrument for Patients with Chronic Pain

Table 1

Respondents’ characteristics.

Variable	N	%
Sex
Male	91	38.4
Female	146	61.6
Age (years)
20–30	22	9.3
31–40	40	16.9
41–50	73	30.8
51–60	79	33.3
>60	23	9.7
Ethnicity
Han Chinese	235	99.2
Minority	2	0.8
Marital status
Unmarried	15	6.3
Married	207	87.3
Widowed	2	0.8
Divorced	13	5.5
Location
Rural area	31	13.1
Village	75	31.7
Urban area	131	55.3
Occupation
Laborer	14	5.9
Farmer	13	5.5
Government worker	21	8.9
Professional or technical personnel	44	18.6
Freelancer	80	33.8
Service personnel	4	1.7
Commercial worker	5	2.1
Unemployed	41	17.3
Retiree	15	6.3
Education level
Junior middle school or below	36	15.2
High school or vocational school	104	43.9
Technical/junior college	39	16.6
Bachelor’s degree or higher	59	24.9
Household income (RMB per month)
0–999	7	3.0
1,000–2,999	13	5.5
3,000–4,000	40	16.9
5,000–9,990	79	33.3
≥10,000	98	41.4
Method of paying medical costs
Health insurance	193	81.4
Self-payment	23	9.7
Public expense	21	8.9