Rutin: A Flavonoid as an Effective Sensitizer for Anticancer Therapy; Insights into Multifaceted Mechanisms and Applicability for Combination Therapy

Figure 5

In a pathway independent of transcription, the mitochondrial p53 is bonded to Bcl-2 oncoprotein and Bcl-x proteins which reduce their inhibitory effect on the Bak and Bax apoptotic proteins. Bcl-2 promoted cell survival by blocking chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Therefore, p53 leads to mitochondrial permeability and cytochrome C release consequently and activation apoptosis (21).