Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

The Effect of Rhythmic Breathing on the Severity of Sternotomy Pain after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Table 3

The comparison of the patients in the RB and control groups in terms of pain severity.


Day	Hours	Measurement times	Groups	No pain	Mild pain	Moderate pain	value

Fist day	9 a.m.	Before intervention	RB	0	25	5	X² = 0.109, 1, = 0.741
		Before intervention	Control	0	24	6	X² = 0.109, 1, = 0.741
		After intervention	RB	4	26	0	X² = 4.21, 1, = 0.040
		After intervention	Control	0	30	0	X² = 4.21, 1, = 0.040
	9 p.m.	Before intervention	RB	0	27	3	X² = 1.05, 1, = 0.305
		Before intervention	Control	0	29	1	X² = 1.05, 1, = 0.305
		After intervention	RB	6	24	0	X² = 6.55, 1, = 0.010
		After intervention	Control	0	30	0	X² = 6.55, 1, = 0.010

Second day	9 a.m.	Before intervention	RB	0	30	0	X² = 5.36, 1, = 0.052
		Before intervention	Control	0	25	5	X² = 5.36, 1, = 0.052
		After intervention	RB	6	24	0	X² = 6.55, 1, = 0.010
		After intervention	Control	0	30	0	X² = 6.55, 1, = 0.010
	9 p.m.	Before intervention	RB	0	30	0	—
		Before intervention	Control	0	30	0	—
		After intervention	RB	4	26	0	X² = 4.21, 1, = 0.040
		After intervention	Control	0	30	0	X² = 4.21, 1, = 0.040

Third day	9 a.m.	Before intervention	RB	0	30	0	—
		Before intervention	Control	0	30	0	—
		After intervention	RB	10	20	0	X² = 11.80, 1, = 0.001
		After intervention	Control	0	30	0	X² = 11.80, 1, = 0.001
	9 p.m.	Before intervention	RB	0	30	0	—
		Before intervention	Control	0	30	0	—
		After intervention	RB	10	20	0	X² = 11.80, 1, = 0.001
		After intervention	Control	0	30	0	X² = 11.80, 1, = 0.001

RB: rhythmic breathing; Chi-square (linear-by-linear association).