Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Immune Infertility Based on the Theory of “Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis”: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Basic characteristics of the included study.

Author(s)	Sample size Expt./Ctrl.	Average age (y) Expt./Ctrl.	Gender	Diagnostics	Intervention measures		Duration treatment	Outcome measures
					Expt.	Ctrl.
Wu [6]	31/31	32.6/31.4	Female	A + B + C	Bushen Huoxue decoction + WM	Prednisone + clomiphene + vitamins C, E	3m ∗ 2	①
Lu and Gong [7]	28/28	26.34/27.12	Female	A + C	Xiaokang II decoction	Aspirin	2m ∗ 2	⑥⑦
Chen and Xu [8]	30/30	27.03/26.67	Female	A + B + C	Bushenyikang decoction	Prednisone	1m ∗ 3	①②⑦
Ma and Zhang [9]	46/44	31.2/31.4	Female	A + B + C	Yikang Zhuyun decoction	Prednisolone	14d ∗ 3	①⑦
Liu et al. [10]	176/82	33.5/33.5	Female	A + B + C	Bushen Huoxue decoction + WM	Vitamin C + aspirin + prednisone	21d ∗ 2	①⑦
Liu [11]	35/35	29.33/29.25	Female	A + B + C	Bushen Huoxue decoction + WM	Prednisone	3m ∗ 3	①②⑦⑧
Cai et al. [12]	40/40	28.76/30.72	Female	A + B + C	Huoxue Xiaokang decoction	Prednisone + acetate aspirin	45d ∗ 2	①③⑦
Zhong et al. [13]	70/65	27.8/27.8	Female	A + B + C	Bushen Huoxue decoction	Prednisone	1m ∗ 3	①②③④⑤⑦⑧
Qi et al. [14]	78/60	29.5/29.5	Female	A + B + C	Yulin Qingkang decoction	Dexamethasone	1m × 3	①②③⑥⑦
Wu [15]	69/50	28.35/28.35	Female	A + B + C	Assisting-pregnancy decoction	Dexamethasone	2m × 1	①⑦
Zhao [16]	56/35	28.35/28.35	Female	A + B + C	Anti-immunity I tablet	Prednisone	2m ∗ 3	①②⑦⑧
Fu [17]	23/21	28.1/28.1	Female	A + B + C	Bushen Huoxue Xiaokang decoction + WM	Enteric-coated aspirin + prednisone + vitamin C	14d ∗ 1	①⑦
Liang and Yuan [18]	48/47	—	Female	A + B + C	Bushen Huoxue Xiaokang decoction + WM	Enteric-coated aspirin + prednisone + vitamin C	14d ∗ 2	①⑦

Expt.: experimental group; Ctrl.: control group; A: diagnostic criteria for infertility: unable to conceive after one year or longer of unprotected sex; B: ruling out infertility due to other factors, such as tubal obstruction, ovulation disorders, and endometriosis; C: positive for at least one of the following serum antibody tests: AsAb, AEmAb, ACAb, AoAb, AZPAb, and AhCGAb. ① Total effective rate; ② serum AsAb negative conversion rate; ③ serum AEmAb negative conversion rate; ④ serum AoAb negative conversion rate; ⑤ serum AhCGAb negative conversion rate; ⑥ ACAb negative conversion rate; ⑦ pregnancy rate; and ⑧ adverse effects.