|
| Complication | TCM disease | Symptom and sign | Etiology and pathogenesis | Method | Treatment | Reference |
|
| Intradialytic hypotension | Dizziness syndrome/juc collapse/asthenic disease | Cold clammy limbs, general weakness, shortness of breath, and sweating | Deficiency syndrome | Yang-Qi deficiency of spleen and kidney | NA | NA | [17] |
| Excess syndrome | Blood stasis, dampness, windiness, and water vapor |
| Early stage | Deficiency of both Qi and Yin | CHM | Sheng Mai Yin, Rx. Astragali | [18] |
| Late stage | Qi desertion along with fluid and blood depletion | Shen Fu decoction |
| Deficiency of kidney-Yang | HAT | Semen Sinapis, Rhizoma Corydalis, and Hb. cum Rx. Asari applied to Yongquan (KI1) and Guanyuan (RN4) | [19] |
| Deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality | Dampness and heat with deficiency of both Qi and Yin | CHM | Sheng Mai Yin and Si Miao San decoction | [27] |
|
| Intradialytic hypertension | Dizziness syndrome | Headaches, fatigue or confusion, vision problems, chest pain | Hyperactivity of liver-Yang | Acu | Sanyinjiao (SP6), Taixi (KI3), and Shenguan (LE44) | [32] |
| Deficiency of kidney-Yin | EA | Erbeixin (P1), Erjian (EX-HN6), liver (CO12), Jiaowoshang (TF1) | [33] |
| Deficiency of Yin and Yang | Spleen (CO13), kidney (CO10), Erbeipi (P3), Erbeigou (PS) |
| Interior retention of phlegm and dampness | Sanjiao (CO17), spleen (CO13), Erbeipi (P3), Erbeigou (PS), Jiaogan (AH6a) |
| Deficiency of Yang floating upward | HAT | Rz. Chuanxiong, Rx. Achyranthis Bidentatae, Fr. Evodiae applied to Yongquan (KI1) |
|
| Muscle cramps | Jin Bi/Bi-syndrome | Tonic contraction and myalgia | Stagnation of coldness in the muscles | Mox | Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Guanyuan (CV4) | [38] |
| Malnutrition of liver, spleen, and kidney | Acupressure | Hegu (LI4), Taichong (LR3), Chengshan (BL57), Chengjin (BL56), Yanglingquan (GB34), and Zusanli (ST36) | [39] |
| Chengshan (BL57), Shuigou (GV26), Taichong (LR3), Guanyuan (CV4), Qihai (CV6), Yongquan (KI1), Lieque (LU7), and Taiyuan (LU9) | [40] |
| Deficiency of liver and kidney | Acu | Ququan (LR8), Fuliu (KI7), Guanyuan (CV4), Qimen (LR14), Ganshu (BL18), and Shenshu (Bl23) | [41] |
| Deficiency of Yin and blood, malnutrition of the tendons and channels | CHM | Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang | [43, 44] |
|
| Nausea and vomiting | Retching/hiccup/vomiting | Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, allotriogeusia, headache | Deficiency of spleen and kidney | HAT | Zingiber officinale applied on Shenque (CV8) | [47] |
| Acu | Zhongwan (CV12), Neiguan (PC6), and Zusanli (ST36) |
| Cold blocking the channels due to blood deficiency, incoordination between the spleen and liver resulting in rebellious Qi | CHM | Dang Gui Si Ni Tang plus Fr. Evodiae and Rz. Zingiberis Recens | [50] |
|
| Headache | True headache | | Liver dysfunction in dispersion, deficiency of Qi, blood and Yin essence, and stasis of blood | EA | Shenmen (TF4), subcortex (AT4), occiput (AT3), kidney (CO10), liver (CO12), and spleen (CO13) | [53] |
|
| Chest pain | Chest impediment | Pressure, fullness, burning, or tightness in chest | Deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality | Deficiency of kidney-Qi and insufficiency of heart-blood, resulting in phlegm-dampness, or stasis blocking heart collaterals | CHM | She Xiang Bao Xin Pill | [56] |
|
| Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome | Headache/dizziness syndrome/vomiting/convulsion diseases | Nausea, headache, vomiting, restlessness, and even seizures and coma | Deficiency of spleen and kidney, insufficient gasification causes phlegm turbidity retention | CHM | Wu Ling San | [64] |
| CHM | Wen Yang Li Shui Tang | [65] |
| Acu | Taichong (LR3), Fengchi (GB20), Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EXHN 1), Xingjian (LR2), Neiting (ST44), and Xiaxi (GB43) | [69] |
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