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| Name | Composition | Design | Dosage and route of administration | Main effect | Mechanism | Toxicity profiles |
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| Shen Fu injection (SFI) [18] | Rx. Ginseng, Rx. Aconiti Lateralis Preparata | Case | 20–30 ml, IVD | ↑BP | Increment of heart rate and cardiac contractility | Aconite poisoning with arrhythmia and shock [18] |
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| Sheng Mai Yin (SMY) and modified Si Miao San (SMS) decoction [27] | Rx. Ginseng, Tub. Ophiopogonis, and Fr. Schisandrae, Sm. Coicis, Cx. Phellodendri, Rz. Atractylodis, Rx. Cyathulae | Case control | A: SMY + SMS 200 ml, BID PO plus Sheng Mai injection (SMI) 30 ml, IVD 12 weeks; B: SMI 30 ml, IVD 12 weeks | ↑BP, hemoglobin, and albumin ↓CRP | Elevation of BP and plasma colloid osmotic pressure, improvement of the microinflammatory state | Not reported |
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| Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang (SYGCT) [43] | Rx. Paeoniae Alba, Rx. Glycyrrhizae Preparata | Case series and animal | 6 GM, PO QD 4 weeks | ↓Episodes of muscle cramp, ↑sural NCV, ↓contraction of skeletal muscles in rats | Direct inhibition of muscle contraction due to nerve stimulation | Mild hyperkalemia (5.5–6 mEq/L) [18] or pseudoaldosteronism in long-term use [44] |
| Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang (SYGCT) [44] | UCT | A: 2.5 g, PO once at home; B: 2.5 g, PO once before HD 4 weeks | ↓Episodes and duration of muscle cramp, ↓amount of saline infusion, ↑VAS | Inhibitory effect on excessive muscle contraction and promotion of plasma refilling in muscle |
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| Dang Gui Si Ni Tang (DGSNT) plus Fr. Evodiae and Rz. Zingiberis Recens [50] | Rx. Angelica Sinensis, Rx. Paeoniae Alba, Ram. Cinnamomi, Hb. cum Rx. Asari, Rx. Glycyrrhizae Preparata, Fr. Jujube, Caul. Akebiae, Fr. Evodiae, Rz. Zingiberis Recens | Case | 3-4 g, PO TID 14 days | ↓N/V, BUN | Reduction of BUN level, balancing of the PH value of the GI tract | Fr. Evodiae-hepatotoxicity in rat [51] antiplatelet effect in vivo [52] |
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| She Xiang Bao Xin Pill (SXBXP) [56] | Moschus, Rx. Ginseng, Cx. Cinnamomi, Calculus bovis, Styrax, Venenum Bufonis, Borneolum | RCT | A: SXBXP 2 pills, SL PRN; B: isosorbide dinitrate 10 mg, SL PRN; C: SXBXP 2 pills + isosorbide dinitrate 5 mg, SL PRN | ↓Chest pain and associated symptoms, ↓BP and HR | Dilation of coronary artery, increment of myocardial contractility, and reduction of heart rate | Coagulation dysfunction [58]; toad venom has digoxin-like effects [59] |
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| Wu Ling San (WLS) decoction [64] | Rz. Alismatis, Poria, Scl. Polypori, Rz. Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Ram. Cinnamomi | RCT | A: WLS 100–150 ml, BID, PO once before HD; B: 50% glucose 40–60 ml, IVD once before HD | ↓DDS symptoms (headache, nausea, anxiety, blurred vision) | Improvement of cerebral edema and decrement of CSF pressure | Not reported |
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| Wen Yang Li Shui tang (WYLST) [65] | Rx. Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Poria, Rz. Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Ram. Cinnamomi, Rz. Zingiberis, Rx. Paeoniae Alba, Sm. Lepidii, Fr. Jujube, Rx Pseudostellariae, Tub. Ophiopogonis, Fr. Schisandrae, Fr. Amomi, Rx. Astragali, Rhodobryum roseum, Rx. Glycyrrhizae Preparata | RCT | A: 20 GM, PO once upon DDS attack; B: Conventional therapy upon DDS attack | ↑Response rate of DDS symptoms (96% versus 80%) | Increment of plasma osmolality and simultaneous decrement of further osmotic shift to brain | Not reported |
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