The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Smilax china L. Extract on LPS-Stimulated THP-1 via Downregulation of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Figure 7

Effect of ES on proinflammatory cytokine production and gene expression in LPS-induced THP-1 cells. Cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) and ES (12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL) for 12 h. The IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α contents were measured using ELISA kits (a–c). The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were determined by qRT-PCR and normalized to the β-actin levels (d–f). Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 3). versus the blank control group. and versus the LPS-treated group.

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