Javanese Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.): Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Biotechnology, and Pharmacological Activities

Table 1

Ethnomedicinal uses of C. xanthorrhiza among Indonesian local communities.

NO	Local community	Traditional uses	Ethnomedicinal use categories [28]	References
1	Aceh	Blood booster and malaria medication	Cardiovascular diseases, Parasites	[29]
2	Bali	Stomach disorders medication	Gastrointestinal problems	[29]
3	Banjarbaru	Blood neutralizing, respiratory disorders, muscular disorders, head disorders, and colds	Metabolic syndromes, Cardiovascular diseases, Respiratory complaints, Skeletomuscular system	[30]
4	Enggano, North Bengkulu	Postpartum medicine	Gynaecology	[31]
5	Kaili Ledo, Sigi	Treating back pain	Skeletomuscular system	[32]
6	Madura	Vaginal discharge	Gynaecology	[29]
7	Sakai, Bengkalis	Appetite booster	Gynaecology	[29]
8	Sinjai, South Celebes	Stomach disorders medication	Gastrointestinal problems	[33]
9	Sukolilo, Surabaya	Maintain health, eliminate fatigue, and maintain body fitness	Metabolic syndromes	[34]
10	Sumowono, Semarang	Cleaning the digestive tract, increase appetite, treatment after typhus, post-liver disease, eliminate fatigue	Gastrointestinal problems, metabolic syndromes	[35]
11	Surakarta	Wedding potion	Gynaecology	[36]
12	Urug, Sukajaya, Bogor	Postdelivery concoctions	Gynaecology	[37]
14	West Java	Treating jaundice, flatulence, urinary stones	Metabolic syndromes, gastrointestinal problems, urology	[29, 38]