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| Study | Country | Study design | Cancer stage | Sample size and age | Intervention | Control | Outcomes |
|
| S1: [33] | Iran | Double-blind RCT | Stage I | Randomized: 60
Completed: 57
Intervention G: 27/30, age (yr) = 47.85 ± 8.39
Control G: 30/30, age (yr) = 50.86 ± 6.5 | Reflexology therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) |
| S2: [29] | China | RCT | Stages I–IV | Randomized: 98
Completed: 98
Intervention G: 49/98, age (yr) = 50.76 ± 10.25
Control G: 49/98, age (yr) = 50.31 ± 10.79 | Chinese massage therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) |
| S3: [25] | USA | Single-blind RCT, three groups | Stages 0–III | Randomized: 66
Completed: 56
Group A: 20/22, age (yr) = 54.5 ± 12.4
Group B: 19/22, age (yr) = 55.6 ± 9.0
Group C: 17/22, age (yr) = 51.8 ± 9.6 | Group A
Swedish massage therapy | Group B: light touch (LT)
Group C: wait list control (WLC) | Fatigue: Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) + PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 7a (PROMIS)
QoL: Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q)
Safety: adverse events |
| S4: [27] | Turkey | RCT | Stages I–III | Randomized: 60
Completed: 60
Intervention G: 30/30, age (yr) = 50.93 ± 11.27
Control G: 30/30, age (yr) = 51.06 ± 10.97 | Reflexology therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) |
| S5: [32] | USA | RCT | Stages III and IV | Randomized: 256 (patient-caregiver dyads)
Completed: 207
Intervention G: 92/128, age (yr) = 58 (mean age)
Control G: 99/128, age (yr) = 55 (mean age) | Reflexology therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: MD Anderson Symptom Inventory
QoL: Quality of Life Index (QLI) |
| S6: [22] | Spain | Single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design | Stage I–IIIa | Randomized: 20 (crossover design)
Completed: 20
Intervention G: 20/20, age (yr) = 49.1 ± 7.8
Control G: 20/20, age (yr) = 49.1 ± 7.8 | Myofascial massage | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaire (fatigue subscale) |
| S7: [31] | USA | Longitudinal, randomized clinical trial | Stages III and IV, or stages I and II with recurrence or metastasis | Randomized: 286
Completed: 243
Group A: 83/95, age (yr) = 55.3 ± 9.4
Group B: 83/95, age (yr) = 54.8 ± 11.2
Group C: 77/96, age (yr) = 57.3 ± 11.8 | Group A: reflexology therapy | Group B: lay foot manipulation (LFM) – light touch
Group C: routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI)
QoL: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast (FACT-B)
Safety: adverse events |
| S8: [26] | USA | RCT | Any stage | Randomized: 45
Completed: 43
Group A: 15/15
Group B: 13/13
Group C: 15/15 age (yr) = 25.8 | Group A: modified Swedish massage therapy | Group B: polarity therapy
Group C: routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI)
Daily fatigue diaries (a 0–10 scale)
QoL: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) |
| S9 [23] | Germany | RCT | Any stage | Randomized: 34
Completed: 29
Intervention G: 16/17, age (yr) = 59.5 ± 12.1
Control G: 13/17, age (yr) = 59.9 ± 11.5 | Swedish massage therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF; fatigue subscale) |
| S10: [24] | Germany | RCT | Without distant metastases | Randomized: 115
Completed: 72
Intervention G: 44/58, age (yr) = 57.6 ± 10.8
Control G: 28/57, age (yr) = 61.4 ± 10.9 | Swedish massage therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue:
Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF; fatigue subscale)
Giessen Inventory of Complaints (GBB; fatigue subscale) |
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