|
Study | Country | Study design | Cancer stage | Sample size and age | Intervention | Control | Outcomes |
|
S1: [33] | Iran | Double-blind RCT | Stage I | Randomized: 60 Completed: 57 Intervention G: 27/30, age (yr) = 47.85 ± 8.39 Control G: 30/30, age (yr) = 50.86 ± 6.5 | Reflexology therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) |
S2: [29] | China | RCT | Stages I–IV | Randomized: 98 Completed: 98 Intervention G: 49/98, age (yr) = 50.76 ± 10.25 Control G: 49/98, age (yr) = 50.31 ± 10.79 | Chinese massage therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) |
S3: [25] | USA | Single-blind RCT, three groups | Stages 0–III | Randomized: 66 Completed: 56 Group A: 20/22, age (yr) = 54.5 ± 12.4 Group B: 19/22, age (yr) = 55.6 ± 9.0 Group C: 17/22, age (yr) = 51.8 ± 9.6 | Group A Swedish massage therapy | Group B: light touch (LT) Group C: wait list control (WLC) | Fatigue: Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) + PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 7a (PROMIS) QoL: Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) Safety: adverse events |
S4: [27] | Turkey | RCT | Stages I–III | Randomized: 60 Completed: 60 Intervention G: 30/30, age (yr) = 50.93 ± 11.27 Control G: 30/30, age (yr) = 51.06 ± 10.97 | Reflexology therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) |
S5: [32] | USA | RCT | Stages III and IV | Randomized: 256 (patient-caregiver dyads) Completed: 207 Intervention G: 92/128, age (yr) = 58 (mean age) Control G: 99/128, age (yr) = 55 (mean age) | Reflexology therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: MD Anderson Symptom Inventory QoL: Quality of Life Index (QLI) |
S6: [22] | Spain | Single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design | Stage I–IIIa | Randomized: 20 (crossover design) Completed: 20 Intervention G: 20/20, age (yr) = 49.1 ± 7.8 Control G: 20/20, age (yr) = 49.1 ± 7.8 | Myofascial massage | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaire (fatigue subscale) |
S7: [31] | USA | Longitudinal, randomized clinical trial | Stages III and IV, or stages I and II with recurrence or metastasis | Randomized: 286 Completed: 243 Group A: 83/95, age (yr) = 55.3 ± 9.4 Group B: 83/95, age (yr) = 54.8 ± 11.2 Group C: 77/96, age (yr) = 57.3 ± 11.8 | Group A: reflexology therapy | Group B: lay foot manipulation (LFM) – light touch Group C: routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) QoL: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast (FACT-B) Safety: adverse events |
S8: [26] | USA | RCT | Any stage | Randomized: 45 Completed: 43 Group A: 15/15 Group B: 13/13 Group C: 15/15 age (yr) = 25.8 | Group A: modified Swedish massage therapy | Group B: polarity therapy Group C: routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) Daily fatigue diaries (a 0–10 scale) QoL: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) |
S9 [23] | Germany | RCT | Any stage | Randomized: 34 Completed: 29 Intervention G: 16/17, age (yr) = 59.5 ± 12.1 Control G: 13/17, age (yr) = 59.9 ± 11.5 | Swedish massage therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF; fatigue subscale) |
S10: [24] | Germany | RCT | Without distant metastases | Randomized: 115 Completed: 72 Intervention G: 44/58, age (yr) = 57.6 ± 10.8 Control G: 28/57, age (yr) = 61.4 ± 10.9 | Swedish massage therapy | Routine treatment and care | Fatigue: Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF; fatigue subscale) Giessen Inventory of Complaints (GBB; fatigue subscale) |
|