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Variables | Description |
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Outcomes | |
HbA1c < 6.5% | 1 if HbA1c < 6.5% at the last follow-up; 0 otherwise |
Inci. of hypoglycemia | Incidence of reported hypoglycemia in one year (spanning the period of all four follow-up surveys) |
EQ-5D HRQoL | HRQoL measured through EQ-5D |
Inpatient cost | Inpatient cost in one year, including all costs related to tests, medication, and treatment in hospitals (unit: 1000 yuan) |
Outpatient cost | Outpatient cost in one year, including all costs related to tests, medication, and treatment in clinics (unit: 1000 yuan) |
OTC drug cost | OTC drug cost in one year (unit: 1000 yuan) |
Total cost | Inpatient cost + outpatient cost + OTC drug cost (unit: 1000 yuan) |
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Treatments | |
Metformin | Use of metformin alone |
Xiaoke Pill | Use of Xiaoke Pill alone |
TCMs | Use of other TCMs (with no chemical substance, other than Xiaoke Pill) alone |
Gliclazide | Use of gliclazide alone |
Acarbose | Use of acarbose alone |
Xiaoke Pill+ | Use of Xiaoke Pill in combination with other agents |
Glibenclamide | Use of glibenclamide alone |
Others | All other medication therapies |
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Control variables | |
Age | Age categories: 1, younger than 50 (reference group); 2, aged between 50 and 60; 3, aged between 60 and 70; 4, older than 70 |
Gender | 0, female; 1, male |
Education | Education levels: 1, primary or below (reference group); 2, lower secondary; 3, upper secondary; 4, tertiary or above |
City of residence | 1, Beijing (reference group); 2, Shenyang; 3, Chengdu; 4, Nanjing; 5, Guangzhou |
Income | Monthly income: 1, less than 1000 yuan (reference group); 2, between 1000 and 2000 yuan; 3, more than 2000 yuan |
Medical insurance | 1, urban resident basic medical insurance (URBMI) (reference group); 2, urban employee basic medical insurance (UEBMI); 3, new rural cooperative medical insurance (NRCM); 4, government insurance |
Currently smoking | 1 if smoking at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
Currently during | 1 if consuming alcohol at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
Any physical exercise | 1 if doing any physical exercise at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
Diet control | 1 if doing diet control at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
Duration | Duration of diabetes. 1, less than five years (reference group); 2, between 5 and 10 years; 3, more than ten years |
Heart disease | 1 if heart disease, 0 otherwise |
Hypertension | 1 if hypertension, 0 otherwise |
Dyslipidemia | 1 if dyslipidemia, 0 otherwise |
Stroke | 1 if stroke, 0 otherwise |
BMI | 1 if BMI ≥ 24 at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
HbA1c | 1 if hemoglobin A1c < 6.5% at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
FBS | 1 if fasting blood sugar level <7 mmol/L at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
Hypoglycemia | 1 if reporting hypoglycemia at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
SBP | 1 if systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
DBP | 1 if diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
TC | 1 if total cholesterol ≥ 5.2 mmol/L at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
TG | 1 if triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
HRQoL | 1 if EQ-5D HRQoL ≥ 0.9 at the time of baseline survey, 0 otherwise |
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