Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: A Prospective Multicenter Study of Real-World Patients

Table 5

Unadjusted outcomes.

	HbA1c < 6.5%	Hypoglycemia	Endpoint HRQoL	Inpatient cost	Outpatient cost	OTC drug cost	Total cost
Metformin	0.33^b	0.38^ab	0.89^c	4.22^c	3.13^bc	0.98^ab	8.33^bcd
	(0.03)	(0.05)	(0.01)	(0.91)	(0.34)	(0.13)	(1.01)
Xiaoke Pill	0.50^cd	0.50^b	0.90^c	1.29^a	1.96^a	1.10^b	4.35^a
	(0.03)	(0.05)	(0.01)	(0.85)	(0.31)	(0.12)	(0.94)
Other TCMs	0.20^a	0.72^c	0.87^ab	4.14^bc	2.56^ab	2.50	9.20^cd
	(0.04)	(0.07)	(0.01)	(1.11)	(0.41)	(0.15)	(1.22)
Gliclazide	0.41^bc	0.49^b	0.86^a	2.06^abc	2.48^ab	0.62^a	5.15^a
	(0.04)	(0.07)	(0.01)	(1.15)	(0.42)	(0.16)	(1.27)
Acarbose	0.45^cd	0.33^ab	0.89^bc	4.36^bc	5.94^d	1.07^ab	11.37^d
	(0.05)	(0.07)	(0.01)	(1.24)	(0.46)	(0.17)	(1.37)
Xiaoke Pill+	0.54^d	0.27^a	0.88^abc	1.43^ab	3.82^c	0.67^a	5.92^ab
	(0.04)	(0.06)	(0.01)	(0.98)	(0.36)	(0.14)	(1.08)
Glibenclamide	0.25^abc	0.50^abc	0.88^abc	1.04^abc	0.83^ab	0.55^ab	2.42^abc
	(0.14)	(0.23)	(0.03)	(3.74)	(1.38)	(0.52)	(4.14)
Others	0.34^b	0.39^b	0.89^c	3.16^abc	5.57^d	0.69^a	9.42^cd
	(0.02)	(0.03)	(0.00)	(0.43)	(0.16)	(0.06)	(0.48)
Observations	1903	1903	1903	1903	1903	1903	1903

Note: inpatient cost, outpatient cost, medication cost, and total cost are measured with the unit of 1000 RMB. Estimates sharing a letter in the group label are not significantly different at the 5% level.