Pycnogenol® Supplementation Prevents Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections/Inflammation and Interstitial Cystitis

Table 1

Upper limits for defining biochemically “normal” urines according to the guidelines for urinalysis by Simerville et al. [13].

Component	Upper limit	Unit
Red blood cells (RBCs)/erythrocytes	2-3	Per high power field (HPF)
RBC casts	Negative
White blood cells (WBCs)/leukocytes	Negative-10	Per µl or mm^3
Hemoglobin	Negative	Dipstick scale 0 to 4+
Bacterial culture	<100,000	colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml)