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Study | Interventions | N | Proportion of females (%) | Mean age (year) (experimental group versus control group) | Dropout n (%) | Duration of treatment (T) and follow-up (F) | Outcomes |
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MacHovec et al., 1978 | AT versus SAT | 24 | 0 | 37 | Not reported | T: 1 month F: 6 months | Abstinence rate (short-term) |
Lamontagne et al., 1980 | AT versus SAT | 65 | Not reported | 33.2 ± 7.9/35.1 ± 6.8 | Not reported | T: 1 month F: 6 months | Abstinence rate (short-term and long-term) |
Zhang et al., 2004 | AT versus SAT | 60 | 0 | 25.70 ± 4.40/25.43 ± 3.66 | Not reported | T: 4 weeks F: 1 year | Abstinence rate (short-term) |
Wu et al., 2007 | AT versus SAT | 118 | 15.25 | 54.3 ± 16.9/53.0 ± 16.9 | AT:5 (8.47) SAT:8 (13.56) | T: 8 weeks F: 6 months | Abstinence rate (short-term), mean daily smoking amount, FTND score |
Hyun et al., 2010 | AT versus SAT | 80 | 6.25 | 40.0/42.0 | AT:16 (42.1) SAT:18 (42.86) | T: 2 weeks F: 2 weeks | MNWS score, BDI score, BAI score |
Chae et al., 2011 | AT versus SAT | 29 | 0 | 24.9 ± 2.6/25.0 ± 3.4 | Not reported | T: 3 weeks F: 8 months | Exhaled CO level, HRV during visual cues, distraction to smoking cues, belief in and credibility of acupuncture, blinding indices |
Kang et al., 2013 | AT versus SAT | 25 | 0 | 25.2 ± 2.0/24.8 ± 1.6 | Not reported | Not reported | Exhaled CO level, craving scores to smoking-related visual cues |
Ma et al., 2014 | AT versus SAT | 136 | 25.74 | 37–45 | AT:12 (17.65) SAT:14 (20.59) | T: 8 weeks F: 6 months | Abstinence rate (short-term) |
Wang et al., 2006 | AA versus NRT | 204 | 9.80 | 20–64 | Not reported | T: 20 days F:/ | Abstinence rate (short-term) |
Li et al., 2009 | AA versus SAA | 140 | 23.57 | 38.23 ± 9.7/38.26 ± 9.56 | AA:1 (1.43) SAA:3 (4.29) | T: 4 weeks F: 3 months | Abstinence rate (short-term) |
Yeh et al., 2009 | AA versus SAA | 79 | Not reported | 28 ± 7.79/27 ± 7.63 | AA:9(23.08) SAA:11(27.5) | T: 6 weeks F:/ | Abstinence rate (short-term), serum cotinine levels, cigarette consumption, exhaled CO level |
Wing et al., 2010 | AA versus SAA | 70 | 30.00 | 46.5 ± 12.36/46.4 ± 11.36 | Not reported | T: 3 weeks F: 3 months | Abstinence rate (short-term), exhaled CO level, daily smoking amount |
Ayse A-D, 2011 | AA versus SAA | 47 | 36.17 | 33.8 ± 10.26/34.0 ± 10.43 | Not reported | T: 1 month F: 6 months | Abstinence rate (short-term and long-term), exhaled CO level, FTND score, BDI score |
Zhang et al., 2013 | AA versus SAA | 43 | 58.14 | 50.4 ± 11.49/49.8 ± 8.53 | Not reported | T: 8 weeks F: 3 months | Abstinence rate (short-term), cigarette consumption, daily smoking amount |
Silva Rd.e et al., 2014 | AA versus SAA | 30 | 66.67 | 41 | Not reported | T: 5 weeks F: 1 month | Exhaled CO level, FTND score, daily smoking amount |
Lee et al., 2016 | AA versus SAA | 60 | 0 | 22.67 ± 2.02/22.19 ± 2.02 | AA:3 (10.00) SAA:4 (13.33) | T: 6 weeks F:/ | FTND score, exhaled CO level, self-efficacy for smoking cessation |
Han, 2006 | APAA versus AA | 42 | 40.48 | Not reported | Not reported | T: 10 days F: 1 month | Abstinence rate (short-term) |
Liu et al., 2015 | APAA versus AA | 48 | 20.83 | 42 ± 8/40 ± 6 | Not reported | T: 4 weeks F:/ | Abstinence rate (short-term), daily smoking amount, FTND score, score of the tobacco dependence self-rating scale |
Steiner et al., 1982 | APAA versus SAT | 32 | 34.38 | Not reported | APAA:5 (31.25) SAT:4 (25.00) | T: 2 weeks F:/ | Abstinence rate (short-term), group mean change in daily cigarette consumption, Tehchi sensations reported by treatment group |
Clavel F et al., 1985 | AT versus NRT | 429 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | T: 1 month F: 13 months | Abstinence rate (short-term and long-term) |
Clavel F et al., 1997 | AT versus NRT | 485 | 55 | All 34 | Not reported | T: 6 months F: 4 years | Abstinence rate (short-term and long-term), exhaled CO level, FTND score, BDI score |
Zhang et al., 2017 | AT versus NRT | 60 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | T: 30 days F:/ | Abstinence rate (short-term) |
Chai et al., 2019 | AT versus AA versus APAA versus NRT | 400 | 6.5 | 43 ± 14/45 ± 14/46 ± 13/45 ± 14 | Not reported | T: 8 weeks F: 16 weeks | Abstinence rate (short-term and long-term), FTND score, HIS score |
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