Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Bioactive Metabolites: from Prevention to Novel Therapies of Colorectal Cancer

Table 6

Some animal experimental studies on glucosinolates and colorectal cancer.

Animal characteristics	Type of intervention	Basic findings	References
ICR male mice	First group: -Azoxymethane, 15 mg/kg, once a week for 3 times; -Ordinary diet or diet containing sulforaphane glucosinolates 2,200 ppm/kg/day, for 8 weeks; Second group: -Azoxymethane, 15 mg/kg, once a week for 6 times; -Ordinary diet or diet containing sulforaphane glucosinolates 2,200 ppm/kg/day, for 24 weeks	Daily intake of sulforaphane showed chemoprotection effects against colonic tumours in mice treated with a chemical carcinogen (azoxymethane).	[20]
ApcMin/+ mice	3 groups; control, 300 ppm sulforaphane, and 600 ppm sulforaphane for 3 weeks	ApcMin/+ mice given sulforaphane supplementation developed significantly less and smaller polyps with higher apoptotic and lower proliferative indices in the small intestine.	[21]
C57BL/6J mice	Two experimental feeding groups: AIN-93M control diet and AIN-93M with 1 μmol (147.2 μg) indole-3-carbinol/g diet	A diet containing indole-3-carbinol significantly reduced fecal excretion of Citrobacter rodentium, Citrobacter rodentium colonization of the colon, and reduced colon crypt hyperplasia and increased the expression of cytotoxic T cell markers CD8 and FasL mRNA.	[76]
C3H/HeN and C57BL/J6 mice infected with Citrobacter rodentium	Four experimental groups: uninfected mice on control diet, infected mice on control diet, uninfected mice on treatment diet (1 μmol indole-3-carbinol/g diet), and infected mice on treatment diet (1 μmol indole-3-carbinol/g diet)	Indole-3-carbinol significantly reduced the inflammatory response to Citrobacter rodentium infection by maintaining anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-22 mRNA levels while reducing expression of other proinflammatory cytokines.	[77]
C57BL/6J mice	Three experimental groups: healthy control (regular diet), disease control (regular diet), and one phenethyl isothiocyanate-diet (regular diet + 0.12% phenethyl isothiocyanate) test group	Phenethyl isothiocyanate enriched diets and reduced mucosal and submucosal inflammation and the frequency of adenocarcinoma by 17% compared to the diseased control group.	[78]