Research Article
Effects of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) on GLP-1 and DPP-4 Concentrations between Normal and Prediabetic Subjects: A Crossover Study
| | | Normal (n = 38) | Prediabetes (n = 35) |
| | Age (years), mean (SD) | 37.6 (9.3) | 47.0 (8.5) | | Gender, n (%) | | Male | 22 (57.9) | 30 (85.7) | | Female | 16 (42.1) | 5 (14.3) | | Smoking status, n (%) | | Yes | 5 (13.2) | 23 (65.8) | | No | 33 (86.8) | 12 (34.2) | | Family history of T2DM, n (%) | | Yes | 13 (34.2) | 7 (20) | | No | 25 (65.8) | 28 (80) | | Family history of hypertension, n (%) | | Yes | 8 (21.1) | 15 (42.9) | | No | 30 (78.9) | 20 (57.2) | | Family history of dyslipidemia, n (%) | | Yes | 5 (13.2) | 3 (8.6) | | No | 33 (86.8) | 32 (91.4) | | BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | | Underweight (<18.5) | 3 (7.9) | (-) | | Normal (18.5–22.9) | 7 (18.4) | 1 (2.9) | | Overweight (23–24.9) | 5 (13.2) | 4 (11.4) | | Obesity grade I and II (≥25) | 23 (60.5) | 30 (85.7) | | Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | | Male | 86.334 (17.9) | 92.07 (12.9) | | Female | 80.955 (15.6) | 91.50 (10.6) | | Laboratory test | | ALT, U/L median (min.–max.) | 19.50 (7–73) | 25 (9–131) | | Creatinin (mg/dL), median (min.–max.) | 1.00 (0–1.0) | 1.00 (0.50–1.8) | | eGFR (mL/1.73 m2/minute), mean (SD) | 112.32 (20.0) | 84.71 (12.9) |
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SD, standard deviation; min-max, minimum-maximum; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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