In Vitro Cercaricidal and Schistosomicidal Activities of the Raffia Wine and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Pedilanthus tithymaloides Linn (Poit). Stem Barks

Table 2

In vitro schistosomicidal activities of Pedilanthus tithymaloides raffia wine and hydroethanolic extracts after 24 and 48 hours of incubation.

Groups	Concentrations (μg/mL)	Mortality rate (%)^a		Dead females (%)^b	Dead males (%)^c	Motor activity reduction (%)^d		Lethal concentration 50 (μg/mL)
		Incubation period				Incubation period
		24 h	48 h			24 h	48 h
Control (GMEM)	—	0	0	0	0	0.69	6.96	—
Praziquantel	10	100	100	100	100	—	—	—
RwPt	2000	0	9.83	11.80	8.34	7.06	18.07	>2000
	1000	0	1.14	0	2.00	0	9.30
	500	0	1.50	0	1.78	0	5.40
	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
	62.5	0	0	0	0	0	0
HePt	2000	25.60	86.47	78.33	95.15	26.54	94.44	731.17; CI (365.74–1047.43)
	1000	10.98	66.34	52.03	81.46	19.08	82.54
	500	8.94	24.39	6.06	39.74	11.92	35.97
	250	6.99	26.63	0	34.80	9.45	30.31
	125	1.63	5.07	0	10.84	4.86	12.28
	62.5	3.22	13.68	8.29	18.48	0.74	12.17

GMEM: Glasgow minimal essential medium. RwPt: raffia wine extract of Pedilanthus tithymaloides stem bark. HePt: hydroethanolic extract of Pedilanthus tithymaloides stem bark. ^aPercentages relative to all worms. ^bPercentages relative to female worms after 48 h incubation. ^cPercentages relative to male worms after 48 h incubation. ^dPercentages relative to surviving worms. —: not applicable. CI: confidence interval.