Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Glycemic Control Indices in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of participants.

Variables	Nigella sativa group (N = 20)	Placebo group (N = 21)	P^a
Age (years)	49.60 (8.75)	48.57 (10.47)	.735^a
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.51 (4.03)	26.79 (2.94)	.517^a
Weight (kg)	79.20 (12.55)	78.38 (10.99)	.825^a
Duration of dialysis (years)	3.00 (2.00)	2.00 (1.50)	.138^b
Hypertension disease (yes)	5 (25.0)	6 (28.6)	.796^c
Sex
Male	12 (60.0)	11 (52.4)	.623^c
Female	8 (40.0)	10 (47.6)
Use of drugs
Calcium carbonate (yes)	19 (95.0)	15 (71.4)	.093^d
Calcitriol (yes)	14 (70.0)	18 (85.7)	.277^d
Sevelamer (yes)	14 (70.0)	10 (47.6)	.208^d
Cinacalcet (yes)	2 (10.0)	4 (19.0)	.663^d

Mean (SD) and median (IQR) are presented for normally and not normally distributed measures, respectively. Frequency (percentage within a subgroup) has been used for qualitative variables. BMI = body mass index; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range. The P-value for variable comparing between the two groups is calculated by^a independent sample t-test and,^b Mann-Whitney U test,^c Pearson’s chi-square, and^d Fisher’s exact test.