Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Glycemic Control Indices in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Table 2

Serum concentrations of oxidative stress markers, hs-CRP, and glycemic indices of the patients.


Variables	Nigella sativa group (N = 20)	Placebo group (N = 21)	MD	P

SOD (U/mL)
Baseline	185.60 (4.50)	192.69 (4.75)	−7.09	.287^b
End	203.48 (3.24)	198.03 (4.48)	5.44	.064^c, .040^d
MD (95% CI)	−17.88 (−26.87, −8.89)	-5.34 (-13.03, 2.33)
P^a	.001	.162
TAC (mmol/L)
Baseline	1.34 (.01)	1.36 (.01)	−.01	.331^b
End	1.40 (.01)	1.35 (.01)	.05	<.001^c, <.001^d
MD (95% CI)	−.06 (−.08, −.04)	.01 (−.01, .03)
P^a	<.001	.353
MDA (μmol/L)
Baseline	2.19 (.07)	1.91 (.06)	.27	.007^b
End	1.86 (.05)	1.89 (.05)	−.02	.022^c, .025^d
MD (95% CI)	.32 (.23, .42)	.01 (-.11, .15)
P^a	<.001	.782
Hs-CRP (mg/L)
Baseline	8.59 (.40)	9.01 (.59)	−42	.560^b
End	7.55 (.38)	8.86 (.57)	−1.30	.022^c, .017^d
MD (95% CI)	1.04 (.63, 1.44)	.15 (-.62, .93)
P^a	<.001	.680
FBS (mg/dL)
Baseline	190.70 (6.08)	156.57 (3.43)	3.24	.510^b
End	149.91 (2.68)	152.85 (3.10)	−2.93	.004^c, .027^d
MD (95% CI)	−16.38 (−25.04, −7.72)	−1.99 (−13.68, 9.70)
P^a	.001	.726
INS (μIU/mL)
Baseline	15.91 (2.07)	19.39 (2.49)	-3.47	.294^b
End	19.66 (1.98)	20.00 (2.28)	-.34	.459^c, .558^d
MD (95% CI)	3.74 (1.10, 6,38)	.60 (−4.13, 5.35)
P^a	.008	.791
HbA1c (%)
Baseline	8.26 (.33)	8.38 (.37)	−11	.815^b
End	7.76 (.23)	8.32 (.31)	−55	.009^c, .014^d
MD (95% CI)	−.49(−90, −09)	−.06 (−.29, .17)
P^a	.019	.572

Mean (SD) and mean differences (95% CI) are presented for normally distrusted data; median (IQB) and median differences are presented for data not normally distributed. SOD = superoxide dismutase; MDA = malondialdehyde; TAC = total antioxidant capacity; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; FBS = fasting blood sugar; INS = insulin; MD = mean difference; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance. P^a = paired samples t-test, P^b = independent samples t-test, P^c = ANCOVA test, adjusted for baseline values (Model 1), and P^d = ANCOVA test, adjusted for baseline values, energy intake¹, and BMI (Model 2).