Etlingera elatior Flower Aqueous Extract Protects against Oxidative Stress-Induced Nephropathy in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Table 3

Levels of oxidative stress parameters in experimental groups.

Parameters	Control	T2DR	Met	EEAE
MDA (ng/mL)	187.31 (13.94)^a	385.72 (27.27)	185.61 (34.30)^b	217.48 (26.72)^a
SOD (U/mL)	44.82 (1.81)^c	32.33 (2.46)	42.39 (0.72)^b	43.04 (1.01)^c
CAT (U/mL)	195.65 (27.87)^a	101.54 (11.42)	185.84 (11.57)^a	181.26 (18.65)^a
GSH (μmol/L)	87.26 (15.21)^a	53.43 (10.47)	87.48 (9.63)^a	90.89 (18.96)^b
T-AOC (mmol/L)	3.86 (0.09)^c	3.65 (0.05)	3.81 (0.07)^a	3.83 (0.06)^b

Data represent the mean (standard deviation), n = 8 per group. , , and ^cp < 0.001 compared to T2DR. T2DR: untreated T2DR, Met: 250 mg/kg metformin-treated T2DR, EEAE: 1000 mg/kg EEAE-treated T2DR, MDA: malondialdehyde, SOD: superoxide dismutase, CAT: catalase, GSH: glutathione, T-AOC: total antioxidant capacity. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.