Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae): A Literature Review of Traditional Uses, Chemical Composition, and Pharmacological Activities

Table 3

Fixed organic compounds present in Eryngium foetidum L.

Chemical constituents	Leaves	Ref.
Chlorogenic acid	4.327 μg/g	[15]
	338 μg/g	[76]
Carbohydrates	174.72 ± 1.72 μg/mg	[75]
	—	[68]
	128.0 ± 5.6 mg/g	[69]
	134.0 ± 5.9 mg/g
Carotenoids	μg/100 g	[59]
	84.3 ± 3.1 μg/g	[69]
	78.8 ± 5.4 μg/g
Chlorophyll a	1.32 ± 0.09 mg/g	[77]
	208.9 ± 12.3 μg/g	[69]
	199.5 ± 19.5 μg/g
Chlorophyll b	0.42 ± 0.03 mg/g	[77]
	101.5 ± 5.3 μg/g	[69]
	93.4 ± 8.3 μg/mg
Crude fiber	6.32 ± 0.5 μg/mg	[59]
Alkaloids	—	[71]
	365.5 μg/ml	[72]
Phenols	—	[71]
	7.8 ± 0.00 mg/g	[78]
	0.07 ± 0.00 mg/g
	3.72 ±0.02 mg/g
	—	[68]
	164600 μg/ml	[72]
	40.4 ± 0.8 mg/g	[69]
	40.4 ± 1.0 mg/g
	—	[70]
Flavonoids	—	[71]
	—	[12]
	1547.9 μg/ml	[72]
	1.81 ± 0.1 mg/g	[69]
	1.88 ± 0.1 mg/g
	113.5 ± 180.3 mg/100 g	[16]
	—	[68]
	—	[70]
Anthraquinones	—	[71]
Anthocyanins	19.4 ± 78.9 mg/100 g	[16]
Steroid	—	[71]
		[12]
Glycosides	—
	—	[68]
Terpenoids	—	[12]
Tannins	—
	0.04776 μg/ml	[72]
	—	[68]
	76.90°C 88 mg/100 g	[16]
Ascorbic acid	17.1 ± 34.56 mg/g	[78]
	135.2 mg/100 g	[16]
Saponin	255,000 μg/ml	[72]
		[68]
Lutein	692 μg/g	[76]
𝛽-carotene	326 μg/g
Caffeic acid	209 μg/g
Kaempferol	136 μg/g
Phytosterol	—	[68]
Gum and mucilages	—
Reducing sugars	7.67 ± 0.4 mg/g	[69]
	9.53 ± 0.4 mg/g
Sucrose	54.8 ± 4.1 mg/g
	71.1 ± 4.7 mg/g
Polyphenols	217.6 ± 256.7 mg/100 g	[16]