Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae): A Literature Review of Traditional Uses, Chemical Composition, and Pharmacological Activities

Table 4

Pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds from Eryngium foetidum L.

Pharmacological activity	Organism	Bioactive compounds	Ref.
Antibacterial and antifungal	Helicobacter pylori	Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, anthraquinone, sterols	[71]
	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocyatogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella	Glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins	[12]
		Phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid	[78]
	Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans	Flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, and terpenoids	[72]
	Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus e Streptococcus pneumoniae	—	[80]
	Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella sonnei, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio cholerae MTCC	—	[79]
Anthelmintic	Strongyloides stercoralis	Trans-2-dodecenal	[13]
Anti-leishmaniasis	Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes and Leishmania donovani amastigotes	Lasidiol p-methoxybenzoate	[63]
Antilarval	Aedes albopictus skuse	2-Dodecen-1-al, capryl alcohol	[14]
Anti-inflammatory	—	Lutein, β-carotenes, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and caffeic acid	[81]
		β-Carotene, lutein, caffeic acid, and kaempferol	[76]
Anticlastogenic	—	—	[82]
Anticancer	—	—	[83]
Antidiabetic	—	Carbohydrates, starch, mucilage, proteins and amino acids, saponins, phytosterols, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins	[68]
Antioxidant	—	Polyphenols, flavonoids, chlorophylls, and carotenoids	[69]
		carotenoids (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, pheophytin-b, chlorophyll-a, and chlorophyll-b), phenolic compounds ( protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid ferulic acid, and sinapic acid, gallic acid) and anthroquinones (citreorosein, telochistin, secalonic acid D, emodin, parietin and norlichexanthone).	[16]
		α-Pinene, M-cymene, O-cymene, and (Z)-13-octadecenal	[62]
		Phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants	[70]
Toxicological	Causes renal dysfunction in mice, with a diet of 0.8% of consumption, equivalent to 35% of human consumption in 24 weeks	—	[84]