Myricetin Induces Apoptosis and Protective Autophagy through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Figure 1

Myricetin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (a) The chemical structure of myricetin. (b, c, d) The human HCC cell lines SMMC-7721 (b) and Hep3B (c) and the human normal hepatocyte cell line HL-7702 (d) were treated with 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 μM myricetin for 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. The viability of the cells was examined with a CCK-8 assay. Data are expressed as the percentage over the untreated control. Values are expressed as the mean ± S.D. (e, f). SMMC-7721 and Hep3B cells treated with various concentrations of myricetin for 24 h were subjected to flow cytometry to measure cell apoptosis after staining with Annexin V/PI. Data from cell apoptosis shown are representative of three independent experiments, and histograms are shown for analyzed cells. (g) SMMC-7721 and Hep3B cells were treated with various concentrations of myricetin for 24 h and the expression of cleaved PARP, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, PARP, and cleaved PARP was detected by western blotting. Data shown are the means ± S.D. from 3 independent experiments. ^/#, ^/##.

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