Cardiovascular Effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince)

Table 1

Included studies on Cydonia oblonga Miller.

Authors, Year	Model	Intervention	Duration	Studied factors	Results
Zhou et al. [52]	Renal hypertensive rat	Captopril administration 25 mg/kg/day; Various doses of COM leaf extracts	8 weeks	SBP&DBP	Blood pressure was considerably and dose-dependently lowered by COM leaf extracts.; The greatest. COM dose produced the same results as captopril.
Abliz et al. [12]	Sprague–Dawley rats received high-fat diet	Simvastatin administration; Various doses of COM leaf extracts	56 days	Lipid profile; Liver enzymes; MDA; Liver steatosis	COM reduced TC, TG, LDL-C and increased HDL-C dose-dependently.; COM inhibited the ALT, AST enzymes activity, and reduced liver steatosis.
Zhou et al. [51]	Mice	Aspirin 5 mg/kg/day; COM aqueous extracts 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day	2 weeks	Bleeding and clotting times	In comparison to aspirin, COM extracts prolonged bleeding and clotting times in a dose-dependent manner.
Khademi et al. [43]	Rabbits	Atorvastatin (0.5 mg/kg); COM leaf extract (50 mg/kg)	12 weeks	Biopsy of coronary artery; Lipid profile, AST, ALT, AP, BUN, Cr	Treatment with the COM extract at 50 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg atorvastatin lowered plasma lipid profile (), liver enzymes, BUN, and Cr levels while also increasing HDL.
Khademi et al. [44]	Hypercholsterolemic rabbits	Atorvastatin (0.5 mg/kg); COM leaf extract (50 mg/kg)	8 weeks	Lipid profileLiver enzymes	Treatment with the COM extract at 50 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg atorvastatin lowered plasma lipid profile (), liver enzymes while also increasing HDL-cholesterol levels.
Mirmohammadlu et al. [46]	Diabetic rats	Various doses of aqueous extract of COM fruit		Lipid profile, AST, ALT, AP, BUN, Cr	LDL, TC, TG were significantly decreased.; HDL was significantly increased.; ALT, AST and ALP were significantly reduced.
Aslan et al. [22]	Healthy and diabetic rats	Various doses of COM leaf extract	5 days	Fasting blood glucose	Blood glucose levels dropped by 33.8 percent
Tang et al. [48]	L6 skeletal muscle cells	Various doses of COM seed extract	1 h	Glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis	At 12.5 g/ml, glucose intake and glycogen production was boosted
Umar et al. [49]	Hyperlipidaemic rats	Various doses of total leaves COM flavonoids; Various doses of total fruit COM flavonoids; Simvastatin (5 mg/kg)	4 weeks	Lipid profile, Liver enzymes	Total flavonoids from COM fruit and leaves dramatically lowered TC, TG, LDL, ALT, AST, and MDA while considerably increasing HDL.
Mohebbi et al. [47]	Diabetic rats	Various doses of COM fruit aqueous extract	28 days	Fasting blood glucose	A significant collapse in FBG in a dose-dependent manner
Ur rahman et al. [50]	Normotensive, high cholesterol, and glucose fed hypertensive rats	COM extract in 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg dose	21 days	SBP, DBP	SBP decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner.; COM extract in 600 mg/kg dose produced maximum effect and prevented a rise in blood pressure.
Lee et al. [45]	High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice	HFD + 50 mg/kg BW/day COM (COM 50); HFD + 100 mg/kg BW/day COM (COM 100); HFD + 200 mg/kg BW/day COM (COM 200)	8 weeks	Body weight, fat mass, adipose tissue weight, lipid profile, and leptin	COM showed an anti-obesity effect.; COM improved blood HDL, TG, adiponectin levels, body weight, fat mass, adipose tissue weight, insulin resistance, and leptin levels.

COM: Cydonia oblonga Miller, ALT: alanine transaminase, AST: aspartate transaminase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, FBG: fasting blood glucose, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, TC: total cholesterol, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, TG: triglycerides.