Antimalarial Activity of Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

Table 4

Effect of crude hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of S. nigrum L. on body temperature and packed cell volume of P. berghei-infected mice in the four-day suppressive test.

Treatments	Dose	% packed cell volume			Temperature (°C)
		D0	D4	PCV	D0	D4	T
4% Tween 80	10 ml/kg	55.14 ± 1.33	49.81 ± 1.76	−9.67	36.40 ± 0.15	34.82 ± 0.12	−4.34
Chloroquine	25 mg/kg	55.14 ± 1.94	55.88 ± 0.32^a1	1.34^a3	36.31 ± 0.07	36.38 ± 0.25	0.19^a1
Crude hydromethanolic extract	100 mg/kg	56.04 ± 3.96	52.46 ± 2.25^b1	−6.39^b2	36.30 ± 0.54	35.04 ± 0.59	−3.47
	200 mg/kg	52.40 ± 0.51	49.40 ± 0.51	−5.73^b2	36.22 ± 0.39	35.12 ± 0.68	−3.04
	400 mg/kg	52.60 ± 0.51	50.00 ± 0.45	−4.94^b2	35.88 ± 0.28	35.01 ± 0.24	−2.42
Chloroform fraction	100 mg/kg	55.80 ± 1.88	52.72 ± 2.06^b1	−5.52^b2	36.46 ± 0.42	35.03 ± 0.39	−3.92
	200 mg/kg	55.62 ± 1.28	53.34 ± 2.46	−4.10^b1	35.69 ± 0.35	34.47 ± 0.24	−3.42
	400 mg/kg	56.00 ± 2.78	54.20 ± 3.13	−3.21^b1	35.96 ± 0.36	35.04 ± 0.30	−2.56
Ethyl acetate fraction	100 mg/kg	55.28 ± 3.40	53.18 ± 2.53	−3.80^b1	36.40 ± 0.63	35.22 ± 0.68	−3.24
	200 mg/kg	55.84 ± 1.07	54.02 ± 3.04	−3.26^b1	36.24 ± 0.76	35.42 ± 0.67	−2.26
	400 mg/kg	54.24 ± 2.47	53.20 ± 2.27^a1	−1.92^a1	35.84 ± 0.47	35.56 ± 0.69	−0.78

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 5. a = as compared to the negative control (4% tween- 80 as a vehicle) 10 ml/kg; b = as compared to the positive control (chloroquine 25 mg/kg); 3 = ; 2 = ; 1 =