Antimalarial Activity of Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

Table 7

Effect of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of S. nigrum L. on body temperature and packed cell volume of P. berghei-infected mice in the prophylactic test.

Treatments	Dose	% packed cell volume			Temperature (°C)
		D3	D7	PCV	D3	D7	% Change
4% Tween 80	10 ml/kg	53.14 ± 2.43	47.08 ± 2.55	−11.40	35.86 ± 0.48	34.02 ± 0.51	−5.13
Chloroquine	25 mg/kg	54.46 ± .92	55.40 ± 1.16	1.73^a1	36.44 ± 0.36	36.94 ± 0.25	1.37^a2
Crude extract	100 mg/kg	52.80 ± 1.65	50.15 ± 3.21	−5.02^b1	35.74 ± 0.35	34.26 ± 0.40	−4.14
	200 mg/kg	53.46 ± 2.10	51.20 ± 1.63	−4.23	36.62 ± 0.45	35.78 ± 0.41	−2.29
	400 mg/kg	52.92 ± .73	51.04 ± 1.51	−3.56	36.77 ± 0.30	36.02 ± 0.27	−2.04
Chloroform fraction	100 mg/kg	52.38 ± 1.46	49.74 ± 2.28	−5.04^b1	35.56 ± 0.40	34.22 ± 0.32	−3.67
	200 mg/kg	52.60 ± 2.87	50.42 ± 1.56	−4.14	36.61 ± 0.33	35.39 ± 0.35	−3.33
	400 mg/kg	53.82 ± 1.06	51.60 ± 2.015	−4.12	35.95 ± 0.36	35.18 ± 0.28	−2.14
Ethyl acetate fraction	100 mg/kg	53.34 ± 1.77	50.22 ± 2.33	−5.85^b1	35.88 ± 0.80	34.26 ± 0.81	−4.52
	200 mg/kg	52.91 ± 0.48	51.11 ± 1.93	−3.40^a1	36.14 ± 0.47	34.92 ± 0.24	−3.36
	400 mg/kg	52.16 ± 1.74	50.45 ± 1.49	−3.28^a1	36.22 ± 0.38	35.54 ± 0.34	−1.88^a1

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 5. a = as compared to the negative control (4% Tween 80 as a vehicle) 10 ml/kg; b = as compared to the positive control (chloroquine 25 mg/kg); 3 = ; 2 = ; 1 = .