Antioxidant and Antivenom Potential of an Essential Oil, 4-(2-Oxo-propyl)-cyclopentane-1,3-dione, and Allantoin Derived from the Polyherbal Combination of Aristolochia indica L. and Piper nigrum L.

Table 17

Antioxidant activity of EA1, AA2, and W3.

Samples	DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 µg/mL)	Phosphomolybdenum (mg·AAE/g of the sample)	FRAP (Fe(II) E/g of the sample)
EA1	23.17	709.17 ± 1.51^a	23303.57 ± 68.53^b
AA2	159.23	72.87 ± 0.99^d	7748.91 ± 44.86^c
W3	182.89	121.71 ± 1.14^c	351.03 ± 68.53^d
BHT	3.48	419.73 ± 0.57^b	45169.83 ± 118.23^a

EA1: essential oil; AA2: 4-(2-oxo-propyl)-cyclopentane-1,3-dione; W3: (2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl)-urea or Allantoin; AAE: ascorbic acid equivalents; Fe(II) E: ferrous ion equivalents; values are mean of triplicate determination (n = 3) ± standard deviation. Statistically significant at , where a > b > c > d in each row.