Antioxidant and Antivenom Potential of an Essential Oil, 4-(2-Oxo-propyl)-cyclopentane-1,3-dione, and Allantoin Derived from the Polyherbal Combination of Aristolochia indica L. and Piper nigrum L.

<table class="table-group" id="tab18"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Compounds</td><td class="align_center">Quenching constant (KSV/M−1)</td><td class="align_center">Binding constant (Kbin/M−1)</td><td class="align_center">Number of binding sites (n)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">EA1</td><td class="align_center">9.99 ± 0.123 × 105</td><td class="align_center">9.52 ± 0.08 × 106</td><td class="align_center">1.479</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">AA2</td><td class="align_center">4.78 ± 0.054 × 104</td><td class="align_center">4.12 ± 0.07 × 102</td><td class="align_center">0.744</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">W3</td><td class="align_center">4.11 ± 0.054 × 104</td><td class="align_center">1.27 ± 0.09 × 103</td><td class="align_center">0.892</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="4"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td><div>(a) EA1 (an essential oil), (b) AA2 (4-(2-oxo-propyl)-cyclopentane-1,3-dione), and (c) W3 ((2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl)-urea or Allantoin). </div></td></tr></table>

<div>Quenching constant (Ksv), binding constant (Kbin), and the number of binding sites (n) for the interaction of EA1, AA2, and W3 with venom.</div>

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tab18

Table 18

Table 18: Antioxidant and Antivenom Potential of an Essential Oil, 4-(2-Oxo-propyl)-cyclopentane-1,3-dione, and Allantoin Derived from the Polyherbal Combination of Aristolochia indica L. and Piper nigrum L.

Table 18 | Antioxidant and Antivenom Potential of an Essential Oil, 4-(2-Oxo-propyl)-cyclopentane-1,3-dione, and Allantoin Derived from the Polyherbal Combination of Aristolochia indica L. and Piper nigrum L. 